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The chapters of this work summarize the results of 35 years dedicated to studying how technologies change work & organizations. The first chapter places current developments in artificial intelligence into the historical context of previous technological revolutions by drawing on William Faunce's argument that the history of technology is one of progressive automation of the four components of any production system: energy, transformation, & transfer & control technologies. The second chapter lays out a role-based theory of how technologies occasion changes in organizations. The third chapter tackles the issue of how to conceptualize a more thorough approach to assessing how intelligent technologies, such as AI, can shape work & employment. The fourth chapter discusses what has been learned over the years about the fears that arise when one sets out to study technical work & technical workers.
Technological innovations --- Employees --- Management. --- Effect of technological innovations on.
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Stephen R. Barley reflects on over three decades of research to explore both the history of technological change and the approaches used to investigate how technologies, including intelligent technologies such as machine learning and robotics, are shaping our work and organizations.
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Over the last several decades, employers have increasingly replaced permanent employees with temporary workers and independent contractors to cut labor costs and enhance flexibility. Although commentators have focused largely on low-wage temporary work, the use of skilled contractors has also grown exponentially, especially in high-technology areas. Yet almost nothing is known about contracting or about the people who do it. This book seeks to break the silence. Gurus, Hired Guns, and Warm Bodies tells the story of how the market for temporary professionals operates from the perspective of the contractors who do the work, the managers who employ them, the permanent employees who work beside them, and the staffing agencies who broker deals. Based on a year of field work in three staffing agencies, life histories with over seventy contractors and studies of workers in some of America's best known firms, the book dismantles the myths of temporary employment and offers instead a grounded description of how contracting works. Engagingly written, it goes beyond rhetoric to examine why contractors leave permanent employment, why managers hire them, and how staffing agencies operate. Barley and Kunda paint a richly layered portrait of contract professionals. Readers learn how contractors find jobs, how agents negotiate, and what it is like to shoulder the risks of managing one's own "employability." The authors illustrate how the reality of flexibility often differs substantially from its promise. Viewing the knowledge economy in terms of organizations and markets is not enough, Barley and Kunda conclude. Rather, occupational communities and networks of skilled experts are what grease the skids of the high-tech, "matrix economy" where firms become way stations in the flow of expertise.
Electronic data processing consultants --- Independent contractors --- Information services industry --- Information technology --- Part-time employment --- Self-employed --- Temporary employees --- Employees --- Services d'information --- Technologie de l'information --- Informaticiens-conseils --- Travailleurs indépendants --- Travailleurs temporaires --- Emploi à temps partiel --- Case studies --- Case studies. --- Personnel --- Cas, Etudes de --- CAs, Etudes de --- Alternative work schedules --- Employment, Part-time --- Part-time work --- Flexible work arrangements --- Employees, Temporary --- Temporary help --- Temps (Employees) --- Intermittent employees --- Free-lancers --- Freelancers --- Persons --- Vicarious liability --- Contractors --- Computer consultants --- Consultants --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Service industries --- E-books --- #SBIB:316.334.2A553 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A84 --- #SBIB:39A4 --- Personeelsbeleid en loonbeleid, functieclassificaties --- Bijzondere arbeidsproblemen: arbeidsduur, ploegenarbeid, flexibiliteit --- Toegepaste antropologie
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Between Craft and Science brings together leading scholars from sociology, anthropology, industrial relations, management, and engineering to consider issues surrounding technical work, the most rapidly expanding sector of the labor force. Part craft and part science, part blue-collar and part white-collar, technical work demands skill and knowledge but is rarely rewarded with commensurate status or salary.The book first considers the anomalous nature of technical work and the difficulty of locating it in any conventional theoretical framework. Only an ethnographic approach, studying the actual doing of the work, will make sense of the subject, the authors conclude. The studies that follow report daily practice filled with disjunctures and ironies that mirror the ambiguities of technical work's place in the larger culture. On the basis of those studies, the authors probe questions of policy, management, and education.Between Craft and Science considers the cultural difficulties in understanding technical work and advances coherent, practice-oriented insights into this anomalous phenomenon.
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