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Thirty percent of foreign development aid is channeled through NGOs or community-based organizations to improve service delivery to the poor, build social capital, and establish democracy in developing nations. However, growing evidence suggests that aid often erodes, rather than promotes, cooperation within developing nations. This book presents a rare, micro level account of the complex decision-making processes that bring individuals together to form collective-action platforms. It then examines why aid often breaks down the very institutions for collective action that it aims to prom

Associations, institutions, etc - Pakistan. --- Associations, institutions, etc. -- Pakistan. --- Civil society - Pakistan. --- Civil society -- Pakistan. --- Cooperation - Pakistan. --- Cooperation -- Pakistan. --- Economic assistance - Social aspects - Pakistan. --- Economic assistance -- Social aspects -- Pakistan. --- Non-governmental organizations - Pakistan. --- Non-governmental organizations -- Pakistan. --- Economic assistance --- Non-governmental organizations --- Associations, institutions, etc --- Civil society --- Cooperation --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Social aspects --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Collaborative economy --- Cooperative distribution --- Cooperative movement --- Distribution, Cooperative --- Peer-to-peer economy --- Sharing economy --- Institutions, associations, etc. --- Networks (Associations, institutions, etc.) --- Organizations --- Voluntary associations --- Voluntary organizations --- INGOs (International agencies) --- International non-governmental organizations --- NGOs (International agencies) --- Nongovernmental organizations --- Organizations, Non-governmental (International agencies) --- Private and voluntary organizations (International agencies) --- PVOs (International agencies) --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economics --- Profit-sharing --- Social contract --- Social groups --- Voluntarism --- International agencies --- Nonprofit organizations --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- E-books --- Community organization --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Pakistan

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Islam --- Sociology of education --- Objectives of teaching --- Pakistan

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This book introduces the history of the rise and spread of Salafism during the 20th century as a global Islamic reform movement. It also explains Salafi tools of methodological reasoning: traditionally used to justify highly conservative positions, they now appear equally effective in defending more liberal life choices. The collection will help readers to appreciate the diversity of Salafi movements, as well as the significance of the ongoing socio-economic and political changes within Saudi Arabia and the wider Muslim world that are enabling shifts to this conservative Islamic scholarly tradition.0Starting in late 2017, Saudi Arabia embarked on a series of reforms reversing many socially restrictive policies long associated with Salafism. These developments have triggered critical questions about the future of Salafism, crucially: is this the end for the most influential puritanical Islamic reform movement of the 20th century?

Islam and politics --- History --- Salafīyah

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The acceptance of female leadership in mosques and madrassas is a significant change from much historical practice, signalling the mainstream acceptance of some form of female Islamic authority in many places. This volume investigates the diverse range of female religious leadership present in contemporary Muslim communities in South, East and Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and North America, with chapters discussing its emergence, the limitations placed upon it, and its wider impact, as well as the physical and virtual spaces used by women to establish and consolidate their authority. It will be invaluable as a reference text, as it is the first to bring together analysis of female Islamic leadership in geographically and ideologically-diverse Muslim communities worldwide.

Muslim women --- Sex role --- Conduct of life --- Religious life --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- Religious life. --- Morale pratique --- 297.16 --- Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- 297.16 Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- Musulmanes --- Rôle selon le sexe --- History --- Conduct of life. --- Islam. --- Histoire --- Vie religieuse --- Aspect religieux

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The acceptance of female leadership in mosques and madrassas is a significant change from much historical practice, signalling the mainstream acceptance of some form of female Islamic authority in many places. This volume investigates the diverse range of female religious leadership present in contemporary Muslim communities in South, East and Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and North America, with chapters discussing its emergence, the limitations placed upon it, and its wider impact, as well as the physical and virtual spaces used by women to establish and consolidate their authority. It will be invaluable as a reference text, as it is the first to bring together analysis of female Islamic leadership in geographically and ideologically-diverse Muslim communities worldwide.

Muslim women --- Sex role --- Islamic women --- Women, Muslim --- Women --- Conduct of life. --- Religious life. --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Conduct of life --- Religious life --- Islam --- Muslim women - 21st century --- Muslim women - Conduct of life --- Muslim women - Religious life --- Sex role - Religious aspects - Islam --- Muslimahs