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Political participation --- Political culture --- Civil society --- Participation politique --- Culture politique --- Société civile --- Porto Alegre (Brazil) --- Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil) --- Politics and government --- Citizen participation. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Participation des citoyens --- #SBIB:328H32 --- #SBIB:35H6040 --- #SBIB:324H50 --- #SBIB:324H60 --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden en Latijns-Amerika --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Latijns-Amerika --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...) --- Politieke socialisatie --- History. --- Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) --- Société civile --- Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil) --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Culture --- Political science --- Social contract --- History --- Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (Brazil) --- Prefeitura de Porto Alegre (Brazil)

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Local participation is the new democratic imperative. In the United States, three-fourths of all cities have developed opportunities for citizen involvement in strategic planning. The World Bank has invested

Political participation. --- Democracy. --- Municipal budgets --- Municipal government --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Cities and towns --- City government --- Municipal administration --- Municipal reform --- Municipalities --- Urban politics --- Local government --- Metropolitan government --- Municipal corporations --- Budgets, Municipal --- Local budgets --- Municipal finance --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Citizen participation. --- Government --- civil society. --- democratic participation. --- democratization. --- fast policy. --- globalization. --- governance. --- local government. --- neoliberalism. --- policy instruments. --- urban politics.

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Despite increasing interest in how involvement in local government can improve governance and lead to civic renewal, questions remain about participation's real impact. This book investigates participatory budgeting—a mainstay now of World Bank, UNDP, and USAID development programs—to ask whether its reforms truly make a difference in deepening democracy and empowering civil society. Looking closely at eight cities in Brazil, comparing those that carried out participatory budgeting reforms between 1997 and 2000 with those that did not, the authors examine whether and how institutional reforms take effect. Bootstrapping Democracy highlights the importance of local-level innovations and democratic advances, charting a middle path between those who theorize that globalization hollows out democracy and those who celebrate globalization as a means of fostering democratic values. Uncovering the state's role in creating an "associational environment," it reveals the contradictory ways institutional reforms shape the democratic capabilities of civil society and how outcomes are conditioned by relations between the state and civil society.

Municipal government --- Municipal budgets --- Political participation --- Democracy --- Civil society --- Citizen participation.

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