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Why do females in male-philopatric species seem to show larger variation in their life history strategies than males in female-philopatric species? Why did females in human societies come to show enormous variation in the patterns of marriage, residence, and mating activities? To tackle these important questions, this book presents the latest knowledge about the dispersing females in male-philopatric non-human primates and in human societies. The non-human primates that are covered include muriquis, spider monkeys, woolly monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and some species of colobine monkeys. In these non-human primate species females typically leave their natal group before sexual maturation and start reproduction in other groups into which they immigrate. However, there is a large variation as some females may breed in their natal group with some risks of inbreeding with their male relatives, and some females may associate with males of multiple groups at the same time after leaving their natal group. Such variation seems to provide better strategies for reproduction depending on local circumstances. Although knowledge about female dispersal patterns and life history is indispensable for understanding the dynamic structure of primate societies, it is still not known how females behave after leaving their natal groups, how many groups they visit before finally settling down, and which kinds of groups they choose to immigrate into, due to the large variation and flexibility and the difficulty of tracking females after natal dispersal. To encourage further progress in this important field, this volume provides new insights on evolution of female dispersal by describing factors influencing variations in the dispersal pattern across primates and a hypothesis for the formation of human families from the perspectives of female life history. This book is recommended reading for researchers and students in primatology, anthropology, animal behavior, and evolution, and for anyone interested in primate societies and human evolution.

Life Sciences. --- Zoology. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Anthropology. --- Animal Ecology. --- Life sciences. --- Animal ecology. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Sciences de la vie --- Ecologie animale --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Zoologie --- Anthropologie --- Animal behavior. --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Zoology - General --- Primates --- Primatology. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Mammalogy --- Human beings --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- Animal psychology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Natural history --- Ecology --- Behavior --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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Aggression and competition are customarily presented as the natural state of affairs in both human society and the animal kingdom. Yet, as this book shows, our species relies heavily on cooperation for survival as do many others--from wolves and dolphins to monkeys and apes.

Conflict management.

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"Monkey see, monkey do" may sound simple, but how an individual perceives and processes the behavior of another is one of the most complex and fascinating questions related to the social life of humans and other primates. In The Primate Mind, experts from around the world take a bottom-up approach to primate social behavior by investigating how the primate mind connects with other minds and exploring the shared neurological basis for imitation, joint action, cooperative behavior, and empathy.In the past, there has been a tendency to ask all-or-nothing questions, such as whether primates possess a theory of mind, have self-awareness, or have culture. A bottom-up approach asks, rather, what are the underlying cognitive processes of such capacities, some of which may be rather basic and widespread. Prominent neuroscientists, psychologists, ethologists, and primatologists use methods ranging from developmental psychology to neurophysiology and neuroimaging to explore these evolutionary foundations.A good example is mirror neurons, first discovered in monkeys but also assumed to be present in humans, that enable a fusing between one's own motor system and the perceived actions of others. This allows individuals to read body language and respond to the emotions of others, interpret their actions and intentions, synchronize and coordinate activities, anticipate the behavior of others, and learn from them. The remarkable social sophistication of primates rests on these basic processes, which are extensively discussed in the pages of this volume.

Primates --- Social psychology. --- Neuropsychology. --- Psychology, Comparative. --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Psychology. --- Comparative neurobiology --- Neuropsychology --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social psychology --- Quadrumana --- Mammals --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Psychology