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The present volume presents scholarly study into Old French as it is practiced today, in all of its forms, within a variety of theoretical frameworks, from Optimality Theory to Minimalism to Discourse Analysis.  Many of the chapters are corpus-based, reflecting a new trend in the field, as more electronic corpora become available. The chapters contribute to our understanding of both the synchronic state and diachronic evolution, not only of Old French, but of language in general. Its breadth is extensive in that contributors pursue research on a wide variety of topics in Old French focusing on the various subsystems of language. All examples are carefully glossed and the relevant characteristics of Old French are clearly explained, which makes it uniquely accessible to non-specialists and linguists at all levels of training.

Old French language --- French language --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Romance languages. --- Linguistics. --- Syntax. --- Romance Languages. --- Historical Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Neo-Latin languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Historical linguistics. --- Diachronic linguistics --- Dynamic linguistics --- Evolutionary linguistics --- Language and history --- History --- France --- Languages. --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Syntax --- History.

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Spanish is a pluricentric language, meaning that it has several centers of prestige (e.g., San Juan, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Lima). Moreover, Spanish, like all languages, evinces sociolinguistic variation, in that levels of formality are expressed through the use of different structures. Given this variety, students of Spanish will inevitably come into contact with variation Spanish. This variation in Spanish adds layers of complexity to the learning and instruction of the Spanish language; therefore, a linguistic understanding of variation is crucial for our students to achieve communicative competence. This unique work, which provides an overview of the most important linguistic aspects of Spanish within a context that recognizes variation, assumes no prior linguistic knowledge and is appropriate as a valuable resource manual for teachers and learners of Spanish alike.

Spanish language --- Second language acquisition. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Castilian language --- Romance languages --- Study and teaching --- Foreign speakers. --- Variation. --- Spaans als internationale taal. --- Spaanse taal --- Tweedetaalverwerving. --- variatie. --- Variatie. --- Spanish as an international language. --- Spanish instructors. --- communicative competence. --- dialectal differences. --- language and education. --- learners of Spanish. --- sociolinguistic variation.

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This volume presents novel analyses of morphosyntax and phonology by well-known scholars in their respective fields. The book offers chapters on a range of Romance languages and dialects, including Canadian French, Standard French, Modern French, Sardinian, Sicilian, and Spanish. Other chapters focus on diachronic topics on French and Italian. The volume will be of interest to researchers looking for current research in linguistics on the Romance languages. It will also serve as a reference volume or supplemental reading for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in linguistics.

Phonetics --- Grammar --- Sociolinguistics --- Romance languages --- morfologie --- syntaxis --- linguïstiek --- grammatica

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The Historical Romance explores the ways in which romance authors seek to represent our fantasies of life in the past. Examining how the cut-and-thrust swashbucklers of the 1930's gave way to female-orientated romances, Helen Hughes takes a comprehensive look at how romance authors have dealt with the turbulent question of female independence, and how traditional attitudes towards love, marriage and women's sexuality have been approached in more recent texts. Hughes also charts the ways in which the marketing of romance has developed, with the eventual explosion of the mass market and

Romance languages --- History. --- English fiction --- Historical fiction, English --- Love stories, English --- English romance fiction --- History and criticism --- 804 --- 804 Romaanse taalkunde --- Romaanse taalkunde --- History --- Romance fiction, English --- History and criticism. --- Langues romanes --- Histoire --- Historical linguistics --- Romance-language fiction, English

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The chapters in this volume, all written by experts in the field, present an array of new research on second language acquisition (SLA) that touches on several current theoretical debates in the field and present a rich range of new empirical data and a number of innovative findings. The studies address questions relating to ultimate attainment, first language transfer, universal properties of SLA, processing and second language (L2) grammar, and explore a number of grammatical features of the L2: tense, aspect, modality, specificity, definiteness, gender, number, anaphora. These themes are complemented by the study of pragmatic competence in sociocultural aspects of register use. The students investigated in the studies range from heritage speakers to naturalistic learners, to instructed learners and immigrants. Another distinctive feature of this book is the inclusion of pedagogical recommendations based on L2 research, making the book relevant for both SLA researchers and language teachers.

Second language acquisition. --- French language --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Grammar --- Study and teaching --- Foreign speakers. --- L1 transfer. --- L2 Acquisition. --- L2 research. --- SLA. --- acquisition of grammar. --- crosslinguistic influence. --- language transfer. --- second language learning. --- second language teaching.