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This book provides a first synthetic view of an emerging area of ecology and biogeography, linking individual- and population-level processes to geographic distributions and biodiversity patterns. Problems in evolutionary ecology, macroecology, and biogeography are illuminated by this integrative view. The book focuses on correlative approaches known as ecological niche modeling, species distribution modeling, or habitat suitability modeling, which use associations between known occurrences of species and environmental variables to identify environmental conditions under which populations can be maintained. The spatial distribution of environments suitable for the species can then be estimated: a potential distribution for the species. This approach has broad applicability to ecology, evolution, biogeography, and conservation biology, as well as to understanding the geographic potential of invasive species and infectious diseases, and the biological implications of climate change. The authors lay out conceptual foundations and general principles for understanding and interpreting species distributions with respect to geography and environment. Focus is on development of niche models. While serving as a guide for students and researchers, the book also provides a theoretical framework to support future progress in the field.

Niche (Ecology). --- Niche (Ecology) --- Biogeography. --- Biogeography --- Mathematical models. --- Niche écologique --- Biogéographie --- Modèles mathématiques --- Microhabitat --- Biotic communities --- Competition (Biology) --- Ecology --- Habitat (Ecology) --- Areography (Biology) --- Geographical distribution of animals and plants --- Species --- Species distribution --- Biology --- Geography --- Geographical distribution --- Mathematical models --- BAM diagram. --- Eltonian Noise Hypothesis. --- Eltonian niche. --- Grinnellian niche. --- absence data. --- algorithm. --- ancillary data. --- biodiversity. --- biogeography. --- biotic interactions. --- biotically reduced niche. --- climate change. --- commission error. --- conservation biology. --- conservation planning. --- conservation reserve network planning. --- data preparation. --- data quality. --- disease distribution. --- disease ecology. --- disease transmission risk. --- disease transmission. --- distributional area. --- distributional ecology. --- diversification. --- ecological niche evolution. --- ecological niche modeling. --- ecological niche. --- ecology. --- environmental data. --- environmental space. --- epidemiology. --- evolutionary ecology. --- extinction risk. --- extrapolation. --- feedback loop. --- geographic distribution. --- geographic space. --- geography. --- habitat suitability modeling. --- hypervolume. --- infection. --- invasive species. --- macroecology. --- model calibration. --- model evaluation. --- model performance. --- model prediction. --- model projection. --- model significance. --- model. --- niche concept. --- niche conservatism. --- niche evolution. --- niche models. --- niche. --- nonequilibrium distribution. --- nonnative species. --- occupied distributional area. --- overfitting. --- pathogens. --- population biology. --- populations. --- potential distributional area. --- predictability. --- primary occurrence data. --- resolution. --- risk mapping. --- sampling bias. --- scenopoetic variables. --- sensitivity. --- sisterгpecies pairs. --- spatial extent. --- species distribution modeling. --- species distribution. --- species invasions. --- species limit. --- species occurrence. --- species reintroduction. --- statistical theory. --- transferability. --- unknown species.