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Abnormal expression of MHC class I molecules in malignant cells is a frequent occurrence that ranges from total loss of all class I antigens to partial loss of MHC specific haplotypes or alleles. Different mechanisms are described to be responsible for these alterations, requiring different therapeutic approaches. A complete characterization of these molecular defects is important for improvement of the strategies for the selection and follow-up of patients undergoing T-cell based cancer immunotherapy.  Precise identification of the mechanism leading to MHC class I defects  will help to develop new personalized patient-tailored treatment protocols. There is significant new research on the prevalence of various patterns of MHC class I defects and the underlying molecular mechanisms in different types of cancer. In contrast, few data is available on the changes in MHC class I expression during the course of cancer immunotherapy, but the authors have recently made discoveries that show the progression or regression of a tumor lesion in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy depends on the molecular mechanism responsible for the MHC class I alteration and not on the type of immunotherapy used. According to this notion, the nature of the preexisting MHC class I lesion in the cancer cell has a crucial impact on determining the final outcome of cancer immunotherapy. This SpringerBrief will present how MHC class 1 is expressed, explain its role in tumor progression, and its role in resistance to immunotherapy.  .

HLA histocompatibility antigens. --- Major histocompatibility complex. --- Cancer --- Major histocompatibility complex --- Immunomodulation --- Major Histocompatibility Complex --- Diseases --- Biological Therapy --- Genes --- Therapeutics --- Genome Components --- Genome --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Genetic Structures --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Genes, MHC Class I --- Neoplasms --- Immunotherapy --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Immunological aspects --- Oncology. --- Immunology. --- Immunobiology --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Tumors --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cancer research