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"Communists in Closets: Queering the History 1930s-1990s explores the history of gay, lesbian and non-heterosexual people in the Communist Party in the United States The Communist Party banned LGBT people from membership beginning in 1938 when it cast them off as "degenerates." It persisted in this policy until 1991 when the Party split apart in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe. During this 60- year ban, gays and lesbians who did join the Communist Party were deeply closeted within it, as well as in their public lives as both queer and Communist. By the late 1930s the Communist Party had a membership approaching 100,000 and tens of thousands of more people moved in its orbit through the Popular Front against fascism, anti-racist organizing, especially in the south, and its widely read cultural magazine, The New Masses. Based on a decade of archival research, correspondence, and interviews, Bettina Aptheker explores this history, also pulling from her own experience as a closeted lesbian in the Communist Party in the 1960s and 70s. Ironically, and in spite of this homophobia individual Communists laid some of the political and theoretical foundations for lesbian and gay liberation, and contributed significantly to peace, social justice, civil rights, Black and Latinx liberation movements. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and general readers in political history, gender studies and the history of sexuality." --

Communist Party of the United States of America --- Sexual minorities --- Membership. --- History. --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Political parties --- anno 1900-1999 --- United States of America

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"When J. Edgar Hoover declared Herbert Aptheker 'the most dangerous Communist in the United States,' the notorious FBI director misconstrued his true significance. In this first book-length biography of Aptheker (1915-2003), Gary Murrell provides a balanced yet unflinching assessment of the controversial figure who was at once a leading historian of African America, radical political activist, literary executor of W.E.B. Du Bois, and lifelong member of the American Communist Party. Although blacklisted at U.S. universities, Aptheker published dozens of books, including the groundbreaking American Negro Slave Revolts (1943) and the monumental seven-volume Documentary History of the Negro People (1951-1994). He also edited four volumes of the correspondence and unpublished writings of Du Bois, an achievement that Eric Foner, writing in the New York Times Book Review, called 'a milestone in the coming of age of Afro-American history.' As Murrell shows, Aptheker the historian was inseparable from Aptheker the leading Communist Party intellectual, polemicist, and agitator. During the 1960's, his ability to rouse and inspire both black and white student radicals made him one of the few Old Leftists accepted by the New Left. Aptheker had joined the CPUSA during its heyday in the 1930's, convinced that only through the party's leadership could fascism be defeated and true liberation be achieved: he ended his affiliation five decades later in 1991 after the collapse of socialism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe"--Provided by publisher.

Intellectuals --- Radicals --- Political activists --- Communists --- African Americans --- Historians --- Historiography. --- Du Bois, W. E. B. --- Aptheker, Herbert, --- Friends and aassociates. --- Communist Party of the United States of America --- Workers (Communist) Party of America --- Communist Party of America --- Communist Political Association --- Progressive Labor Movement (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.) --- CPUSA --- Communist Party of the United States --- Kommunisticheskai︠a︡ partii︠a︡ SShA --- Mei-kuo kung chʻan tang --- Communist Party, U.S.A. --- Amerikan Komünist Partisi --- American Communist Party --- Partido Comunista de los Estados Unidos --- KP der USA --- K.P. der U.S.A. --- Kommunistische Partei der USA --- Kommunistische Partei der U.S.A. --- Ḳomunisṭishe parṭey der Fareynigṭe Shṭaṭn --- Communist Party USA --- קאמוניסטישער פארטיי פון די פאראייניקטע שטאטן --- קומוניסטישער פארטיי, פערייניקטע שטאטן --- Yhdysvaltain Kommunistipuolue --- Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt --- Du Bois, W. E. --- Di︠u︡bua, Uilʹi︠a︡m Ėdvard Burgkhardt, --- Di︠u︡bua, Vilʹi︠a︡m, --- Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, --- DuBois, W. E. B. --- Du Bois, William, --- Du Bois, W. B.

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Brown, John --- United States. Declaration of Independence --- United States. Declaration of Independence

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