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This book develops in detail the simple idea that assertion is the expression of belief. In it the author puts forward a version of 'probabilistic semantics' which acknowledges that we are not perfectly rational, and which offers a significant advance in generality on theories of meaning couched in terms of truth conditions. It promises to challenge a number of entrenched and widespread views about the relations of language and mind. Part I presents a functionalist account of belief, worked through a modified form of decision theory. In Part II the author generates a theory of meaning in terms of 'assertibility conditions', whereby to know the meaning of an assertion is to know the belief it expresses.
Logic --- Lexicology. Semantics --- Conditionals (Logic) --- Truth --- Belief and doubt --- Psychology --- Conditionnels (Logique) --- Vérité --- Croyance et doute --- Psychologie --- 800.1 --- Conviction --- Philosophy --- Skepticism --- Certainty --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Pragmatism --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Soul --- Mental health --- Conditional statements (Logic) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Doubt --- Consciousness --- Credulity --- Emotions --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Religion --- Will --- Agnosticism --- Rationalism --- Taalfilosofie --- Belief and doubt. --- Psychology. --- Truth. --- 800.1 Taalfilosofie --- Conditionals (Logic). --- Vérité --- Arts and Humanities
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Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Realism --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Empiricism --- Philosophy --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Dummett, Michael A. E. --- Realism. --- Semantics (Philosophy). --- Dummett, Michael, --- Dummett, M. A. E.
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African American intellectuals --- Afro-Amerikaanse intellectuelen --- Identiteit (Filosofie) --- Identiteit (Filosofisch begrip) --- Identity (Philosophical concept) --- Identité (Concept philosophique) --- Identité (Philosophie) --- Intellectuels afro-américains --- Même (Philosophie) --- Mêmeté (Philosophie) --- Principe d'identité --- African Americans --- Education --- Intellectuals --- Identity --- Philosophy --- Comparison (Philosophy) --- Resemblance (Philosophy) --- Afro-American intellectuals --- Intellectuals, African American --- Intellectual life --- Du Bois, W. E. B. --- Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt --- Du Bois, W. E. --- Di︠u︡bua, Uilʹi︠a︡m Ėdvard Burgkhardt, --- Di︠u︡bua, Vilʹi︠a︡m, --- Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt, --- DuBois, W. E. B. --- Du Bois, William, --- Du Bois, W. B. --- Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt --- United States
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Idealization is a central feature of human thought. We build ideal models in the sciences, our politics is guided by pictures of impossible utopias, and our thinking about the arts and moral life is guided by images of how things might have been. In all these cases we sometimes proceed with a representation of the world that we know is not true or aim at a world we accept we cannot realize. This is the world of the "as if," which the philosopher Hans Vaihinger delineated at the turn of the century, in ways he traced back to Kant. In this book, I aim to explore idealization in aesthetics, ethics, and metaphysics, as well as in the philosophy of mind, of language, of religion, and of the social and natural sciences. No one could be an expert on all of these things, but sometimes in philosophy it helps to stand back and take a broader view. On the way I hope to illuminate many issues, large and small, but there is one over-arching lesson: our best chance of understanding the world must be to have a plurality of ways of thinking about it. This book is about why we need a multitude of pictures of the world. It is a gentle jeremiad against theoretical monism.--
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A dialogue among five eminent scholars--in law and philosophy--about laws based on appearance.
Discrimination --- Préjugés --- Prejudices --- Droit --- Law and legislation --- Physical-appearance-based bias. --- Prejudices. --- Bias (Psychology) --- Prejudgments --- Prejudice --- Prejudices and antipathies --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Emotions --- Appearance-based bias --- Appearance-based discrimination --- Appearance bias --- Appearance discrimination --- Body-size bias --- Look-ism --- Lookism --- Looks-ism --- Looksism --- Physical appearance discrimination --- Size bias, Body --- Size discrimination --- Sizeism --- Sizism
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Malgré la difficulté de définir ce que le mot identité recouvre vraiment, entre le champ social et l’intime, le concept a envahi le débat public depuis de longues années. Sa prévalence est devenue un enjeu majeur au sein de nos sociétés et un défi pour les politiques. Kwame Anthony Appiah, quant à lui, procède à un examen systématique de l’identité pensée en fonction de catégories telles que la croyance, le genre, la citoyenneté, la couleur, la classe ou la culture. En questionnant la validité de ces critères, il remet en cause nos partis pris et hypothèses quant à la manière dont l’identité serait une chose évidente ou innée. Il parvient à démontrer au contraire comment elle se fabrique, et son exposé, limpide, est appuyé par une érudition époustouflante. Il n’hésite pas à nourrir cette réflexion de sa propre expérience et de sa biographie pour nous amener à voir que non seulement il existe des identités conflictuelles, mais que ce sont peut-être précisément nos conflits intérieurs qui créent le besoin de définir artificiellement ces identités. Dans une approche radicale, il démontre à quel point ces constructions identitaires à l’œuvre dans nos sociétés modernes sont le résultat d'approximations plutôt que de données objectives. Qu’il s’agisse du sens du mot « nation », de notre perception de la question raciale, des différences sociales ou du mythe de la culture occidentale, Appiah déconstruit point par point nos certitudes et élargit l'horizon vers un dépassement du piège identitaire.
Identity (Philosophical concept) --- Identity (Psychology) --- Group identity.
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Civilisation --- Regional documentation --- United States --- Africa --- Blacks --- African diaspora --- African Americans --- Noirs --- Africains --- Noirs américains --- Encyclopedias --- Encyclopédies --- Afrique --- Civilization --- African diaspora. --- -#KVHA:Geschiedenis; Verenigde Staten --- #KVHA:Afro-Amerika --- #KVHA:American Studies --- Negroes --- Ethnology --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Africans --- Black diaspora --- Diaspora, African --- Human geography --- Migrations --- Noirs américains --- Encyclopédies --- #KVHA:Geschiedenis; Verenigde Staten --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Encyclopedias. --- Black persons --- Black people --- Transatlantic slave trade --- Blacks - Encyclopedias. --- African diaspora - Encyclopedias. --- African Americans - Encyclopedias. --- United States of America --- Afro-americains --- Noirs americains --- Civilisation africaine --- Biographies --- Histoire --- Dictionnaires
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