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Assertion and conditionals
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ISBN: 0521304113 0521071291 0511895976 9780511895975 9780521304115 9780521071291 Year: 1985 Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

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This book develops in detail the simple idea that assertion is the expression of belief. In it the author puts forward a version of 'probabilistic semantics' which acknowledges that we are not perfectly rational, and which offers a significant advance in generality on theories of meaning couched in terms of truth conditions. It promises to challenge a number of entrenched and widespread views about the relations of language and mind. Part I presents a functionalist account of belief, worked through a modified form of decision theory. In Part II the author generates a theory of meaning in terms of 'assertibility conditions', whereby to know the meaning of an assertion is to know the belief it expresses.


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As if : Idealization and ideals
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ISBN: 0674975006 9780674975002 Year: 2017 Publisher: Cambridge (Mass.) Harvard University Press

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Idealization is a central feature of human thought. We build ideal models in the sciences, our politics is guided by pictures of impossible utopias, and our thinking about the arts and moral life is guided by images of how things might have been. In all these cases we sometimes proceed with a representation of the world that we know is not true or aim at a world we accept we cannot realize. This is the world of the "as if," which the philosopher Hans Vaihinger delineated at the turn of the century, in ways he traced back to Kant. In this book, I aim to explore idealization in aesthetics, ethics, and metaphysics, as well as in the philosophy of mind, of language, of religion, and of the social and natural sciences. No one could be an expert on all of these things, but sometimes in philosophy it helps to stand back and take a broader view. On the way I hope to illuminate many issues, large and small, but there is one over-arching lesson: our best chance of understanding the world must be to have a plurality of ways of thinking about it. This book is about why we need a multitude of pictures of the world. It is a gentle jeremiad against theoretical monism.--

Keywords

Idealism --- Pluralism

Prejudicial appearances : the logic of American antidiscrimination law
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0822327139 0822327023 0822381133 1282903896 9786612903892 9780822327134 Year: 2001 Publisher: Durham : Duke University Press,

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A dialogue among five eminent scholars--in law and philosophy--about laws based on appearance.


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Repenser l'identité : ces mensonges qui unissent
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9782246821908 Year: 2021 Publisher: Paris : Grasset,

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Malgré la difficulté de définir ce que le mot identité recouvre vraiment, entre le champ social et l’intime, le concept a envahi le débat public depuis de longues années. Sa prévalence est devenue un enjeu majeur au sein de nos sociétés et un défi pour les politiques. Kwame Anthony Appiah, quant à lui, procède à un examen systématique de l’identité pensée en fonction de catégories telles que la croyance, le genre, la citoyenneté, la couleur, la classe ou la culture. En questionnant la validité de ces critères, il remet en cause nos partis pris et hypothèses quant à la manière dont l’identité serait une chose évidente ou innée. Il parvient à démontrer au contraire comment elle se fabrique, et son exposé, limpide, est appuyé par une érudition époustouflante. Il n’hésite pas à nourrir cette réflexion de sa propre expérience et de sa biographie pour nous amener à voir que non seulement il existe des identités conflictuelles, mais que ce sont peut-être précisément nos conflits intérieurs qui créent le besoin de définir artificiellement ces identités. Dans une approche radicale, il démontre à quel point ces constructions identitaires à l’œuvre dans nos sociétés modernes sont le résultat d'approximations plutôt que de données objectives. Qu’il s’agisse du sens du mot « nation », de notre perception de la question raciale, des différences sociales ou du mythe de la culture occidentale, Appiah déconstruit point par point nos certitudes et élargit l'horizon vers un dépassement du piège identitaire.

Gloria Naylor : critical perspectives past and present
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1567430309 Year: 1993 Publisher: New York Amistad

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Richard Wright : critical perspectives past and present
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ISBN: 1567430279 Year: 1993 Publisher: New York Amistad

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Langston Hughes : critical perspectives past and present
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ISBN: 1567430295 Year: 1993 Publisher: New York Amistad : distributed by Penguin USA

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