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This volume is motivated by the desire to explain why Neanderthals were replaced by modern humans, in terms of cultural differences between the two (sub-)species. It provides up-to-date coverage on the theory of cultural evolution as is being used by anthropologists, archaeologists, biologists, and psychologists to decipher hominin cultural change and diversity during the Palaeolithic. The contributing authors are directly involved in this effort, and the material presented includes novel approaches and findings. Chapters explain how learning strategies in combination with social and demographic factors (e.g., population size and mobility patterns) predict cultural evolution in a world without the printing press, television, or the Internet. Also addressed is the inverse problem of how learning strategies may be inferred from actual trajectories of cultural change, for example as seen in the North American Palaeolithic. Mathematics and statistics, a sometimes necessary part of theory, are explained in elementary terms where they appear, with details relegated to appendices. Full citations of the relevant literature will help the reader to further pursue any topic of interest.

Social Sciences. --- Anthropology. --- Regional and Cultural Studies. --- Archaeology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Social sciences. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Regional planning. --- Sciences sociales --- Evolution (Biologie) --- Aménagement du territoire --- Anthropologie --- Archéologie --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change --- Culture --- Evolutionary biology. --- Study and teaching. --- Culture-Study and teaching. --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Human beings --- Paleolithic period. --- Social evolution. --- Human evolution. --- Learning ability. --- Prehistoric peoples. --- Cavemen (Prehistoric peoples) --- Early man --- Man, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistoric human beings --- Prehistoric humans --- Prehistory --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Ability --- Learning, Psychology of --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Social change --- Eolithic period --- Old Stone age --- Palaeolithic period --- Stone age --- Origin --- Culture—Study and teaching. --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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In this fascinating volume, the Middle Paleolithic archaeology of the Middle East is brought to the current debate on the origins of modern humans. These collected papers gather the most up-to-date archaeological discoveries of Western Asia - a region that is often overshadowed by African or European findings - but the only region in the world where both Neandertal and early modern human fossils have been found. The collection includes reports on such well known cave sites as Kebara, Hayonim, and Qafzeh, among others. The information and interpretations available here are a must for any serious researcher or student of anthropology or human evolution.

Hominids --- Neanderthals --- Homme de Néanderthal --- Hominidés --- Middle East --- Asia --- Moyen-Orient --- Asie --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B --- Asia -- Antiquities. --- Hominids -- Asia. --- Hominids -- Middle East. --- Middle East -- Antiquities. --- Neanderthals -- Asia. --- Neanderthals -- Middle East. --- Social sciences. --- Life sciences. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Great apes --- Hominians --- Hominidae --- Homininae --- Hominins --- Homonids --- Man-like primates --- Pongidae --- Apes --- Primates --- Homo mousteriensis --- Homo neanderthalensis --- Homo primogenicus --- Homo sapiens neanderthalensis --- Neandertalers --- Neandertals --- Neanderthal race --- Neanderthalers --- Fossil hominids

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This volume presents the first of two proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. Focussing on a highly innovative working hypothesis called the ‘learning hypothesis’, which attempts to explain the replacement as a result of differences in the learning abilities of these two hominid populations, the conference served as the latest multidisciplinary discussion forum on this intriguing Palaeoanthropological issue. The present volume reports on outcomes of the conference in three major sections. Part 1 provides an archaeological overview of the processes of replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans. Part 2 consists of archaeological and ethnographic case studies exploring evidence of learning behaviours in prehistoric and modern hunter-gatherer societies. Part 3 presents a collection of papers that directly contributes to the definition, validation and testing of the learning hypothesis in terms of population biology and evolutionary theory. A total of 18 papers in this volume make available to readers unique cultural perspectives on mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and suggested relationships between these mechanisms and different learning strategies.

Social sciences (general) --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Economic geography --- Archeology --- sociale wetenschappen --- culturele antropologie --- geografie --- archeologie --- Neanderthalers --- Prehistory

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Human evolution --- Mate selection --- History