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The present article tries to analyze the subsistence economy model having as parameter its spatial organizational relation with the landscape. The subsistence economy is a model of an economic system based on activities that aimed at the self-sufficiency of its practitioners, originating in the period prior to pre-industrialization. In this type of economy the activities that stand out are agriculture and livestock. In Mozambique, between 70% and 80% of the population lives in rural areas and has agriculture as their main source of subsistence. The territory of the Republic of Mozambique has a high potential for promoting agriculture through irrigation, but most of its production that includes vegetables and cereals at subsistence level is a rain-fed production. The Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique in its N°1 of Article 103 advocates agriculture as the basis of national development. This essay presents an analysis of the main concepts of subsistence economy, their advantages and a characterization of the current stage (essay one), and the effects of the subsistence economy on the deforestation of the landscape (essay two). As a working methodology For the accomplishment of this paper, the bibliographical consultation was carried out as well as the analysis of data collected in the field. Subsistence agriculture has been practiced in the Zambezi basin region since the earliest indigenous human settlements that settled along the banks of the rivers as a way to take advantage of this resource and by the fertility of the soils at the margin of which it was very favorable to the practice of agriculture than the highland soils where productivity was dependent on rainfall. Since then, agriculture and livestock have been playing an important role in food production and economic development. The rural population in Mozambican survives from the production of food for consumption by families whose surpluses are marketed both in rural areas as well as in urban centers. The practice models of this agriculture in the form of preparation of the soil as well as the type of planting and the conditions of the climate of the semi-arid region jeopardize this activity; The discovery of mineral resources such as coal in the region and the growing urbanization process have led some of the population to abandon agricultural production to seek employment in miners and the reduction of land available for agricultural practice. The introduction of new processes in agriculture from the family base can demonstrate that it is possible for families to remain in these regions and live with dignity in this way of life from working the land where families can produce food by ensuring and improving their diet and selling production is individual or collective. The objective of this research is to analyze the practice of farming as an activity in its various forms of income generation and self-sufficiency, taking into account its characteristics and the different types of organization (it individual or cooperative). From this research exercise, direct results are expected that can increase the yield of agricultural production and control of the animal mortality rate, taking into account the territorial constraints and the effects of the climatic changes, from a system of diversification and rotation of cultures and methods and techniques for capturing and storing rainwater and surface water.