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Cet ouvrage fait la synthèse de nombreuses années d'expériences en dosimétrie et techniques de protection contre l'exposition externe, aussi bien dans le domaine industriel que médical. Il rappelle les concepts physiques de base puis propose un certain nombre d'outils d'évaluation des nuisances radiologiques, et les moyens de s'en prémunir, en détaillant notamment les techniques de calcul pour des blindages appropriés.Le premier chapitre traite de la définition des grandeurs radiométriques et dosimétriques fondamentales. Il permet d'aborder au chapitre 2 la question de l'interaction rayonnemen

Radiology, Medical. --- Radiation dosimetry. --- Dosimetry --- Radiation --- Radiation monitoring --- Nuclear counters --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Dosage --- Measurement --- Medical radiology.

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This book describes the interaction of living matter with photons, neutrons, charged particles, electrons and ions. The authors are specialists in the field of radiation protection. The book synthesizes many years of experiments with external radiation exposure in the fields of dosimetry and radiation shielding in medical, industrial and research fields. It presents the basic physical concepts including dosimetry and offers a number of tools to be used by students, engineers and technicians to assess the radiological risk and the means to avoid them by calculating the appropriate shields. The theory of radiation interaction in matter is presented together with empirical formulas and abacus. Numerous numerical applications are treated to illustrate the different topics. The state of the art in radiation protection and dosimetry is presented in detail, especially in the field of simulation codes for external exposure to radiation, medical projects and advanced research. Moreover, important data spread in different up to date references are presented in this book. The book deals also with accelerators, X-rays facilities, sealed sources, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation and radiation regulation. Each chapter is split in two parts depending on the level of details the readers want to focus on. The first part, accessible to a large public, provides a lot of simple examples to help understanding the physics concepts under radiation external exposure. The second part, called “Additional Information” is not mandatory; it aims on explaining topics more deeply, often using mathematical formulations. The book treats fundamental radiometric and dosimetric quantities to describe the interaction in materials under the aspects of absorbed dose processes in tissues. Definitions and applications on limited and operational radiation protection quantities are given. An important aspect are practical engineering tools in industrial, medical and research domains. Source characterization and shielding design are addressed. Also more ”exotic” topics, such as ultra intense laser and new generation accelerators, are treated. The state of the art is presented to help the reader to work with the book in a self-consistent way. The basic knowledge necessary to apply Monte Carlo methods in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry for external radiation exposure is provided. Coverage of topics such as variance reduction, pseudo-random number generation and statistic estimators make the book useful even to experienced Monte Carlo practitioners. Solved problems help the reader to understand the Monte Carlo process. The book is meant to be used by researchers, engineers and medical physicist. It is also valuable to technicians and students.

Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Physics --- Human biochemistry --- Physical methods for diagnosis --- Human medicine --- Biotechnology --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- medische biochemie --- deeltjesfysica --- bio-engineering --- pneumologie --- biotechnologie --- simulaties --- radiologie --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- fysica --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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This book describes the interaction of living matter with photons, neutrons, charged particles, electrons and ions. The authors are specialists in the field of radiation protection. The book synthesizes many years of experiments with external radiation exposure in the fields of dosimetry and radiation shielding in medical, industrial and research fields. It presents the basic physical concepts including dosimetry and offers a number of tools to be used by students, engineers and technicians to assess the radiological risk and the means to avoid them by calculating the appropriate shields. The theory of radiation interaction in matter is presented together with empirical formulas and abacus. Numerous numerical applications are treated to illustrate the different topics. The state of the art in radiation protection and dosimetry is presented in detail, especially in the field of simulation codes for external exposure to radiation, medical projects and advanced research. Moreover, important data spread in different up to date references are presented in this book. The book deals also with accelerators, X-rays facilities, sealed sources, dosimetry, Monte Carlo simulation and radiation regulation. Each chapter is split in two parts depending on the level of details the readers want to focus on. The first part, accessible to a large public, provides a lot of simple examples to help understanding the physics concepts under radiation external exposure. The second part, called “Additional Information” is not mandatory; it aims on explaining topics more deeply, often using mathematical formulations. The book treats fundamental radiometric and dosimetric quantities to describe the interaction in materials under the aspects of absorbed dose processes in tissues. Definitions and applications on limited and operational radiation protection quantities are given. An important aspect are practical engineering tools in industrial, medical and research domains. Source characterization and shielding design are addressed. Also more ”exotic” topics, such as ultra intense laser and new generation accelerators, are treated. The state of the art is presented to help the reader to work with the book in a self-consistent way. The basic knowledge necessary to apply Monte Carlo methods in the field of radiation protection and dosimetry for external radiation exposure is provided. Coverage of topics such as variance reduction, pseudo-random number generation and statistic estimators make the book useful even to experienced Monte Carlo practitioners. Solved problems help the reader to understand the Monte Carlo process. The book is meant to be used by researchers, engineers and medical physicist. It is also valuable to technicians and students.

Medical physics. --- Radiation. --- Radiology. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Particle acceleration. --- Physics. --- Medical and Radiation Physics. --- Diagnostic Radiology. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation.

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Cet ouvrage fait le point sur l’état de l’art en matière de calculs dosimétriques, de métrologie des rayonnements ionisants et de radioprotection au travers de problèmes liés à des applications concrètes du domaine. Il propose des résolutions au moyen de formules analytiques et semi-empiriques issues de la théorie de la physique nucléaire et des derniers développements de la recherche. Pour certaines problématiques : théorie des cavités, calcul des doses absorbées pour les protons, calculs de grandeurs et dimensionnements autour des générateurs X, les données et les approches calculatoires les plus récentes figurent parmi les outils employés. De plus, dans l’essentiel des problèmes proposés, une inter-comparaison avec les résultats numériques issus d’un code de type Monte-Carlo est présentée. Le code MCNP, outil mondialement utilisé, a été choisi dans cet ouvrage pour fournir, le cas échéant, les « valeurs vraies » afin d’éprouver les résultats calculés analytiquement ou de façon semi-empirique. Pour chaque cas étudié, les fichiers d’entrée sont fournis dans leur globalité et leur architecture détaillée. Certaines géométries complexes intervenant dans la définition des scènes radiologiques simulées sont décrites ainsi que les fonctionnalités utilisées pour le suivi du transport des particules. Par ailleurs, un accent est mis sur les normalisations des résultats bruts de MCNP et sur les techniques de réduction de variance ajoutées pour faciliter, voire permettre la convergence des estimateurs statistiques vers le résultat final. Cet ouvrage s’adresse à un public possédant de solides bases dans les domaines concernés et peut être recommandé à partir d’un niveau de License de physique. Il apportera des éléments théoriques et techniques, aussi bien, aux ingénieurs pour des prestations de calculs qu’aux étudiants de troisième cycle pour leurs travaux de recherche. Concernant la démarche pédagogique proposée, chaque problème est indépendant avec un niveau croissant de difficulté ; le lecteur peut ainsi étudier les problématiques qui l’intéressent dans l’ordre qu’il désire.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Radiation --- Safety measures.

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This book reports on the state-of-the-art in terms of dosimetric, ionizing radiation metrology and radiation protection through exercises related to practical applications. For each problem, the book provides resolutions by means of analytical and semi-empirical formulas stemming from nuclear physics theory and the latest research contributions. For most applications (cavity theory, absorbed dose calculation for protons, quantities and dimensioning of X-ray generators…) the most recent data and calculation methods are part of the tools used. Moreover, in most applications/problems discussed, an inter-comparison with the numerical results obtained with a Monte-Carlo code commonly in worldwide use, MCNP, is presented. This code allows providing “actual” values in order to test the accuracy of the whole of analytical or semi-empirical results. For each case study, the numerical model is discussed, the input file is fully provided, and its structure is detailed. Some complex geometries involved in the modeled radiological scenes as well as the features used to generate, transport and track particles are described. On another note, emphasis is placed on the raw MCNP results normalization and on variance reduction techniques employed to improve or enable the convergence of statistical estimators toward the end result.This book is aimed at an audience having a solid background in the addressed themes and is recommended for students from Physics Bachelor’s degree. It can provide theoretical and technical information to engineers carrying out calculations and to graduate students performing their research work as well. The book is intended to be instructive and each problem is treated independently. The reader can therefore study the applications of interest in the desired order.

Monte Carlo method. --- Radiation --- Measurement.