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Book
Growth (But Not Only) Is Good for the Poor : Some Cross-Country Evidence to Promote Growth and Shared Prosperity in Haiti
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Abstract

Many low-income countries, such as Haiti, have high ambitions and socioeconomic needs to achieve substantial income growth, especially for the poorest income quintiles. This situation raises the question of policy prioritization, which is often difficult to address, since reliable country-specific micro data are scarce in most low-income countries. Although many studies have investigated the determinants of growth of gross domestic product, less is known about the factors influencing household incomes at the lowest segments of the income distribution. Focusing on the specific case of Haiti, a country with one of the lowest income levels, this paper proposes an approach to handle this challenge: it estimates income drivers for the poorest two income quintiles from cross-country regressions. The results suggest that maintaining macroeconomic stability as well as investing in human and physical capital would not only be associated with faster overall economic growth, but also with even faster income growth for the poorest segments of the population. Thus, there need not be a trade-off between inequality and growth. Economies could foster faster growth while also increasing inclusiveness, ensuring that everyone can live up to their potential.


Book
Measuring the Determinants of Backward Linkages from FDI in Developing Economies : Is it a Matter of Size?
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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The main focus of the paper is the measurement of the potential for externalities related to foreign direct investment. A series of novel proxies are drawn from the Enterprise Survey database of the World Bank-IFC and tested against hypotheses considered in the foreign direct investment literature. Using these proxies, an econometric assessment of the determinants of backward linkages in developing economies is presented. The results show that export-oriented foreign direct investment, wholly owned subsidiaries (as opposed to joint ventures), and foreign owned firms relying on foreign technologies are less likely to develop links with domestic companies. In addition, the analysis finds that some sectors (food, wood, auto, and auto-parts) are more prone than others (textiles and electronics) in developing backward linkages. Apart from the type of foreign direct investment and sector-specific characteristics, the size of the host economy matters. Foreign owned subsidiaries in most service oriented Caribbean islands buy a low percentage of inputs from domestic firms. This may be because in small islands there are not enough local suppliers with sufficient quality and capacity to meet the demands of multinationals. However, the paper presents the case of the Dominican Republic, the largest economy in the Caribbean, which has struggled to develop backward linkages because of the relative isolation of special economic zones from the rest of the economy.

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