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The combination of the lithography technology and the semiconductor heterostructure has produced quantum wires, quantum dots, antidots, quantum point contacts, etc. In such quantum structures, various new phenomena have been observed in the electron transport at low temperatures, such as conductance quantization due to the ballistic electron motion, universal conductance fluctuations due to quantum interference effects, and single-electron tunneling due to the discreteness of the electronic charge. They have provided challenging subjects important from the point of view of fundamental physics, and their possible device applications are actively pursued. Quantum wires and dots are expected also to be able to significantly improve optical devices such as lasers. This book provides general reviews on various subjects of pure physics, device physics, and materials research concerning such quantum structures, starting with a general introduction of physics of mesoscopic systems.

Electronic apparatus and appliances. --- Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics). --- Quantum Hall effect. --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Molecular physics --- Mesoscopic phenomena (Physics) --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Quantum Hall effect --- Nanotechnology. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Materials science. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Complex Systems. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electronic materials --- Materials --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Statistical methods --- Phenomena, Mesoscopic (Physics)

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Graphene --- Nanostructured materials. --- Graphène --- Nanomatériaux