Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study analyses the institutional impediments to investment and growth in SEE and suggests 'second generation' policy reforms to ease these constraints. Chapter one reviews the recent trends in the economies of the eight countries that comprise the region (SEE8) and their prospects for international and intra-regional integration. It conveys the message that a favorable institutional framework for domestic and foreign investment is essential to achieve sustainable growth in SEE. The chapter presents the scope, methodology, and the approach the study undertakes for assessing the role of key market institutions in SEE business development. The analysis utilizes not only traditional, official data from the eight countries to assess the characteristics, trends and relationships between these institutions, but also employs data from a set of 40 original enterprise-level business case studies carried out in each of the eight countries and the two rounds of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted in 1999 and 2002. The study focuses on four institutions that relate fundamentally to the efficient operation of market incentives in an economy: (i) inter-enterprise competition and economic barriers to entry/exit, (ii) access to (regulated) utilities and infrastructure services, (iii) corporate governance, financial transparency and access to finance, and (iv) commercial dispute resolution. The methodological tools employed in the analysis investigate these institutions systematically across the eight SEE countries to allow for cross-country and cross-sectoral comparisons, and to develop a regional as well as a country-specific perspective on corresponding policy challenges. Chapter two presents an overview assessment of each of the four core issues of this study. It reviews in the aggregate the business environment in the eight countries, based on BEEPS (1 and 2) and the EBRD transition indicators. The remaining sections of this overview present a summary of the main findings of each of the four core chapters of the study: competition, regulated infrastructure utilities, corporate governance and finance, and commercial dispute resolution.

Access to Finance --- Accountability --- Business Environment --- Competition Policy --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Corporate Governance --- Enterprise Development & Reform --- Infrastructure --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Regulation --- Investment Climate --- Private Sector Development --- Transparency

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Starting from the key idea that learners and teachers bring diverse linguistic knowledge and resources to education, this book establishes and explores the concept of the ‘multilingual turn’ in languages education and the potential benefits for individuals and societies. It takes account of recent research, policy and practice in the fields of bilingual and multilingual education as well as foreign and second language education. The chapters integrate theory and practice, bringing together researchers and practitioners from five continents to illustrate the effects of the multilingual turn in society and evaluate the opportunities and challenges of implementing multilingual curricula and activities in a variety of classrooms. Based on the examples featured, the editors invite students, teachers, teacher educators and researchers to reflect on their own work and to evaluate the relevance and applicability of the multilingual turn in their own contexts.

Language and languages --- Multilingualism --- Multicultural education. --- Education, Bilingual. --- Bilingual education --- Bilingualism --- Multilingual education --- Intercultural education --- Education --- Culturally relevant pedagogy --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Foreign language study --- Language and education --- Language schools --- Study and teaching. --- Social aspects. --- Culturally sustaining pedagogy --- Multilingualism Social aspects --- Social aspects --- Language and languages Study and teaching --- Study and teaching --- language and society. --- language education. --- multilingual classrooms. --- multilingual curricula. --- multilingual practices. --- multilingual society. --- multilingual turn.