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Quantitative research in social science research is changing rapidly. Researchers have vast and complex arrays of data with which to work: we have incredible tools to sift through the data and recognize patterns in that data; there are now many sophisticated models that we can use to make sense of those patterns; and we have extremely powerful computational systems that help us accomplish these tasks quickly. This book focuses on some of the extraordinary work being conducted in computational social science - in academia, government, and the private sector - while highlighting current trends, challenges, and new directions. Thus, Computational Social Science showcases the innovative methodological tools being developed and applied by leading researchers in this new field. The book shows how academics and the private sector are using many of these tools to solve problems in social science and public policy.

Social sciences --- Data processing --- Mathematical models --- Methodology --- Methods in social research (general) --- Data processing. --- Mathematical models. --- Methodology.

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Some of the nation's leading experts look at various aspects of election administration, including issues of ballot format, changes in registration procedures, the growth in the availability of absentee ballot rules and other forms of 'convenience voting', and changes in the technology used to record our votes. They also look at how the Bush v. Gore decision has been used by courts that monitor the election process and at the consequences of changes in practice for levels of invalid ballots, magnitude of racial disparities in voting, voter turnout, and access to the ballot by those living outside the United States. The editors, in their introduction, also consider the normative question of exactly what we want a voting system to do. An epilogue by two leading election law specialists looks at how election administration and election contest issues played out in the 2012 presidential election.

Elections --- Election law --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Management. --- Bush, George W. --- Gore, Al, --- Gore, Albert --- Bush, George, --- Bush, Geo, --- Bush, Dzhordzh Uoker, --- Bush, Dzh. U. --- Bush, Dzh. --- Bush, --- Bushi, Qiaozhi W., --- Bush, Zhorzh, --- Arbusto, Jorge W., --- Bush, Xhorxh W., --- Gore, Albert, --- Trials, litigation, etc. --- Gore, Albert Arnold, --- Гор, Ал, --- Гор, Альберт,

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Those who seek to accurately gauge public opinion must first ask themselves: Why are certain opinions highly volatile while others are relatively fixed? Why are some surveys affected by question wording or communicative medium (e.g., telephone) while others seem immune? In Hard Choices, Easy Answers, R. Michael Alvarez and John Brehm develop a new theory of response variability that, by reconciling the strengths and weaknesses of the standard approaches, will help pollsters and scholars alike better resolve such perennial problems. Working within the context of U.S. public opinion, they contend that the answers Americans give rest on a variegated structure of political predispositions--diverse but widely shared values, beliefs, expectations, and evaluations. Alvarez and Brehm argue that respondents deploy what they know about politics (often little) to think in terms of what they value and believe. Working with sophisticated statistical models, they offer a unique analysis of not just what a respondent is likely to choose, but also how variable those choices would be under differing circumstances. American public opinion can be characterized in one of three forms of variability, conclude the authors: ambivalence, equivocation, and uncertainty. Respondents are sometimes ambivalent, as in attitudes toward abortion or euthanasia. They are often equivocal, as in views about the scope of government. But most often, they are uncertain, sure of what they value, but unsure how to use those values in political choices.

Political psychology. --- Politična psihologija. --- Values. --- Vrednote. --- Political culture. --- Politična kultura. --- Public opinion. --- Javno mnenje. --- United States of America. --- Združene države Amerike. --- Affirmative action. --- Anti-Semitism. --- Attitude. --- Authoritarianism. --- Beliefs. --- Black. --- Brehm, John. --- Casualties. --- Catholic. --- Converse, Philip. --- Donnelly Marketing Service. --- Downs, Anthony. --- Ecological inference. --- Egalitarianism. --- Elite. --- Equivocation. --- Euthanasia. --- Feldman, Stanley. --- Foreign policy. --- Gay rights. --- General Social Survey (GSS). --- Heterogenity. --- Heteroskedastic choice. --- Humanitarianism. --- Ideology. --- Individualism: economic. --- Internal Revenue Service. --- Jackson, John E. --- Kinder, Donald R. --- Lazarfeld, Paul. --- Media. --- Michigan school. --- National Election Studies (NES). --- Operation Rescue. --- Piazza, Thomas. --- Predispositions. --- Racial policy.

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