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551.573 --- 631.671 --- 581.116 --- Crops --- -Evapotranspiration --- Academic collection --- Consumptive use --- 581.116 Transpiration and emission of gases --- Transpiration and emission of gases --- 631.671 Water requirement --- Water requirement --- 551.573 Evaporation. Evapotranspiration --- Evaporation. Evapotranspiration --- Agricultural crops --- Crop plants --- Farm crops --- Industrial crops --- Water requirements --- Evapotranspiration --- Water-supply --- Evaporation (Meteorology) --- Plants --- Crops and water --- Transpiration --- Evapotranspiration. --- Water requirements. --- Cultures --- Évapotranspiration. --- Besoins en eau. --- Plantes --- Évapotranspiration.
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Irrigated agriculture produces about 40% of all food and fibre on about 16% of all cropped land. As such, irrigated agriculture is a productive user of resources; both in terms of yield per cropped area and in yield per volume of water consumed. Many irrigation projects, however, use (divert or withdraw) much more water than consumed by the crop. The non-consumed fraction of the water may cause a variety of undesirable effects ranging from water-logging and salinity within the irrigated area to downstram water pollution. This book discusses all components of the water balance of an irrigated area; evapotranspiration (Ch.2), effective precipitation (Ch.3) and capillary rise from the groundwater table (Ch.4). Chapter 5 then combines all components into a water management strategy that balances actual evapotranspiration (and thus crop yield) with the groundwater balance of the irrigated area (for a substainable environment). Chapter 6 presents CRIWAR 3.0, a simulation program that combines all water balance components into a single simulation procedure. The chapter describes the use of the CRIWAR software for developing water requirement tables and other useful information based on the selected water management strategy. This version greatly expands upon the capabilities of previously published programs.
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Sponsored by the Committee on Evapotranspiration in Irrigation and Hydrology of the Irrigation and Drainage Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, and Irrigation Requirements is a comprehensive reference to estimating the water quantities needed for irrigation of crops based upon the physics of evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET). This new edition of MOP 70, which updates and expands the 1990 original, provides improved and standardized methods to estimate evaporation and ET and to apply and evaluate calculations. The methods, which have both a physical and practical basis, improve clarity, accuracy, and consistency for systems design and management. They are also useful in legal applications involving water agreements, water disputes, and water rights. As competition for water increases and water resources are depleted, this book provides the critical tools to accurately quantify amounts of water consumed by irrigated agriculture. The first part covers basic concepts and physical principles, such as evaporation and ET processes, soil-water-plant systems, energy balance, surface energy–air mass interactions, and evaporation from water surfaces. The second part on ET from land surfaces explains components of measurement and details on estimation; reference crop ET; evaporation from soil; the crop coefficient method; the Penman-Monteith and energy-balance equations; and regional estimates. A third part discusses estimation of irrigation water requirements (IWR) and streamflow depletions. Thirteen appendixes provide tables of mean and basal crop coefficients and background information on concepts and equations used throughout the manual. MOP 70 is intended for use by consulting engineers and scientists working on water issues and by instructors of agricultural and civil engineering, hydrology, and environmental and agricultural sciences.
Evapotranspiration --- Crops --- Irrigation water --- Irrigation farming --- Evaporation --- Crops --- Water resources --- Evapotranspiration --- Irrigation water --- Hydro power --- Water surface --- Energy methods --- United States --- Water requirements --- Evaporation --- Crops --- Water resources --- Evapotranspiration --- Irrigation water --- Hydro power --- Water surface --- Energy methods --- United States
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Prepared by the Task Committee on Standardization of Reference Evapotranspiration of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. This report provides standardized equations for calculating reference evapotranspiration (ET) from weather data and procedures for quality assessment and control of weather data. The purpose of the standardized reference ET equation and calculation procedures is to bring commonality to the calculation of reference ET and to provide a standardized basis for determining or transferring crop coefficients for agriculture and landscape use. The basis of the standardized reference ET equation is the ASCE Penman-Monteith (ASCE-PM) method discussed in ASCE Manual of Practice 70, Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. Along with applications of the ASCE-PM method, this report includes recommended calculations for vapor pressure, net radiation and wind speed adjustment, and guidelines on assessing weather data integrity and estimating values for missing data. The development of this standardized report was made at the request of, and has been endorsed by, the Irrigation Association.
Cultivos y agua --- Evapotranspiración --- Gramíneas --- Modelos matemáticos --- Normas --- Modelos matemáticos --- Normas --- Modelos matemáticos --- Normas
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