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April 2000 - Transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is important to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. The Buenos Aires water and sanitation concession led to remarkable improvements in delivery and coverage of services and to lower prices for consumers. But a poor information base, lack of transparency in regulatory decisions, and the ad hoc nature of executive branch interventions make it difficult to reassure consumers that their welfare is being protected and that the concession is sustainable. The signing of a concession contract for the Buenos Aires water and sanitation system in December 1992 attracted worldwide attention and caused considerable controversy in Argentina. It was one of the world's largest concessions, but the case was also interesting for other reasons. The concession was implemented rapidly, in contrast with slow implementation of privatization in Santiago, for example. And reform generated major improvements in the sector, including wider coverage, better service, more efficient company operations, and reduced waste. Moreover, the winning bid brought an immediate 26.9 percent reduction in water system tariffs. Consumers benefited from the system's expansion and from the immediate drop in real prices, which was only partly reversed by subsequent changes in tariffs and access charges. And these improvements would probably not have occurred under public administration of the system. Still, as Alcazar, Abdala, and Shirley show, information asymmetries, perverse incentives, and weak regulatory institutions could threaten the concession's sustainability. Opportunities for the company to act opportunistically - and the regulator, arbitrarily - exist because of politicized regulation, a poor information base, serious flaws in the concession contract, a lumpy and ad hoc tariff system, and a general lack of transparency in the regulatory process. Because of these circumstances, public confidence in the process has eroded. The Buenos Aires concession shows how important transparent, rule-based decisionmaking is to maintaining public trust in regulated infrastructure. This paper - a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze institutional issues in regulated infrastructure. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Institutions, Politics, and Contracts: Private Sector Participation in Urban Water Supply (RPO 681-87). Mary Shirley may be contacted at mshirley@worldbank.org.

Debt Markets --- Decision Making --- Economics --- Emerging Markets --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Incentives --- Income --- Industry --- Information --- Information Asymmetries --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Interest --- Investment --- Marginal Cost --- Outcomes --- Perverse Incentives --- Prices --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Regulation --- Revenues --- Supply --- Taking --- Tariffs --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Urban Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water --- Water and Industry --- Water Conservation --- Water Resources --- Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions --- Welfare Effects

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That Lima's water system was in near-crisis was not enough to bring about radical change. Partial reforms to reduce many of the city's worst problems were carried out under public management. But a quarter of Lima's citizens still had no access to water or sewerage connections, extended service interruptions were common and more than a third of the scarce water supply was wasted. Why did the push for privatized water and sanitation fall?

Concessions --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Public utilities --- Sanitation --- Water-supply --- Law and legislation