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Clean and sustainable energy is of paramount importance for industrial activities, economic development, environment, and public welfare. Aiming to reach NetZero, researchers in both academia and industry as well as policymakers are now putting tremendous efforts into the generation, storage, and applications of clean energy. This collection focuses on new and efficient energy technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery, and emerging novel energy solutions. The volume also covers a broad range of mature and new technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal intensity and pollutants, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Topics include, but are not limited to:• Energy efficient technologies for minerals, metals & materials processing • Clean energy technologies, such as biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, nuclear including SMRs, hydrogen, etc. • Renewable energy resources to reduce the consumption of traditional fossil fuels • Emerging technologies for renewable energy harvesting, conversion, and storage • New concepts or devices for energy generation, conversion, and distribution • Waste heat recovery and other industrial energy efficient technologies • Energy education and energy regulation • Scale-up, stability, and life-cycle analysis of energy technologies and improvement of existing energy-intensive processes • Theory and simulation in energy harvesting, conversion, and storage • Design, operation, and optimization of processes for energy generation (e.g., carbon capture) and conversion of energy carriers • Energy efficiency improvement in process engineering (e.g., for biomass conversion and improved combustion) and electrical engineering (e.g., for power conversion and developing smart grids) • Thermo-electric/electrolysis/photo-electrolysis/fundamentals of PV • Emission control, CO2 capture, and conversion • Carbon sequestration techniques • CO2 and other greenhouse gas reduction metallurgy in ferrous (iron & steel making and forming), non-ferrous and reactive metals including critical rare-earth metals • Sustainability and life cycle assessment of energy systems • Thermodynamics and modelling for sustainable metallurgical processes • 'Smart cool materials' for urban heat island mitigation (such as cool roof infrared reflecting material, and low-temperature heat absorbers for use in air conditioner condensers - like 'endothermic materials') • Methodologies for reducing the cost of energy materials production • Circular economy and developing resource efficiency model for cutting down the transport from remote places • Materials extraction and processing steps for enhancing energy efficiencies in batteries, supercapacitors, and energy efficient cells • Foundational industry (metals-alloys, chemicals, refractories, cement) and energy economy and role of mineral extraction.

Carbon dioxide mitigation. --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation --- Carbon dioxide capture --- Mitigation of carbon dioxide --- Pollution prevention --- Materials. --- Catalysis. --- Force and energy. --- Materials --- Energy storage. --- Metals. --- Materials for Energy and Catalysis. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Mechanical and Thermal Energy Storage. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Analysis. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Storage of energy --- Force and energy --- Power (Mechanics) --- Flywheels --- Pulsed power systems --- Conservation of energy --- Correlation of forces --- Energy --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes

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This collection presents the papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Paper topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, calcium, chromium, hafnium, gold, indium, lithium, molybdenum, niobium, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, silver, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium. Rare processing techniques presented include bio leaching, molecular recognition technology, recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as magnesium from laterite process wastes, titanium from ilmenites, and rare metals from wastes such as phosphors and LCD monitors.

Materials science. --- Engineering --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Metallic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Materials Engineering. --- Materials. --- Metallic elements --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Material science --- Materials --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Physical sciences

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This collection offers new research findings, innovations, and industrial technological developments in extractive metallurgy, energy and environment, and materials processing.   Technical topics included in the book are thermodynamics and kinetics of metallurgical reactions, electrochemical processing of materials, plasma processing of materials, composite materials, ionic liquids, thermal energy storage, energy efficient and environmental cleaner technologies and process modeling. These topics are of interest not only to traditional base ferrous and non-ferrous metal industrial processes but also to new and upcoming technologies, and they play important roles in industrial growth and economy worldwide.

Nanostructured materials. --- Materials --- Environmental aspects. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Materials science. --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Materials Engineering. --- Metallic Materials. --- Materials. --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Engineering—Materials. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Material science --- Physical sciences

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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements such as rare earth metals including yttrium and scandium, gold, vanadium, cesium, zinc, copper, tellurium, bismuth, potassium, aluminum, iridium, titanium, manganese, uranium, rhenium, and tungsten. Rare processing techniques covered include supercritical fluid extraction, direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

Extraction (Chemistry) --- Materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Metallic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Structural Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Metals. --- Materials science. --- Structural materials. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy

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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators, energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. Rare metals are the main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the resource and processing industry for their building materials. Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets, catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials (lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium, niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium, germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling (batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment). .

Structural materials. --- Chemistry. --- Geology. --- Natural resources. --- Structural Materials. --- Chemistry/Food Science, general. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Physical sciences --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Economic aspects --- Nonferrous metals. --- Rare metals --- Metals