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Using data from 41,873 individuals across 17 African countries, this paper examines gender differences in 10 socio-emotional skills and their relationship with education and earnings. Apart from self-control, the findings show a significant male advantage in self-reported skills, equivalent to the socio-emotional skill gained over 5.6 years of education. Closing the gender gap in education would close 17 percent of this gap. While overall socio-emotional skills and education are positively correlated for both men and women, the male advantage in socio-emotional skills increases at higher education levels. Socio-emotional skills are associated with higher earnings for both men and women. However, interpersonal skills are more strongly correlated with earnings for women, while gender gaps in those skills widen the most as education rises. The paper further discusses the implications of these results for interventions seeking to hone women's socio-emotional skills for labor market success and to address the gender norms that may perpetuate gaps in socio-emotional skills.

Sex differences in education. --- Gender identity.

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This paper studies whether providing affordable childcare improves women?s economic empowerment and child development, using data from a sample of 1,990 women participating in a public works program in Burkina Faso. Of 36 urban work sites, 18 were randomly selected to receive community-based childcare centers. One in four women who were offered the centers used them, tripling childcare center usage for children aged 0 to 6 years. Women?s employment and financial outcomes improved. Additionally, child development scores increased. However, the analysis finds no significant effects on women?s decision-making autonomy, gender attitudes, or intrahousehold dynamics, suggesting the importance of considering multiple dimensions of childcare impacts.

Child care.