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Socialism. --- Communism. --- Socialism --- Communism --- Marxism --- Social democracy --- Socialist movements --- Collectivism --- Anarchism --- Critical theory --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Trotskyism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Village communities --- History. --- Latin America. --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America

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The value-added tax (VAT) is often a major component of national fiscal structures. While its effects on allocative efficiency, inflation, income distribution, and tax administration have been addressed, little work, exists on the theoretical base of a VAT, given its structure. This is essential for knowing how much of the base is actually taxed. Using Mexican national accounts and input-output tables, this paper develops a methodology for calculating the theoretical base of the Mexican VAT for 1980 and 1983 (two years whose individual VAT structures were considerably different). The method is applicable to other VAT systems as well.

Agribusiness --- Agricultural commodities --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural industries --- Agricultural sector --- Agriculture: General --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Capacity --- Capital formation --- Capital --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Farm produce --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Intangible Capital --- Investment & securities --- Investment --- Investments: Commodities --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- National accounts --- National income --- Public finance & taxation --- Saving and investment --- Spendings tax --- Taxation --- Taxes --- Value-added tax --- Mexico

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On October 3, 1968, a military junta led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado took over the government of Peru. In striking contrast to the right-wing, pro–United States/anti-Communist military dictatorships of that era, however, Velasco’s “Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces” set in motion a left-leaning nationalist project aimed at radically transforming Peruvian society by eliminating social injustice, breaking the cycle of foreign domination, redistributing land and wealth, and placing the destiny of Peruvians into their own hands. Although short-lived, the Velasco regime did indeed have a transformative effect on Peru, the meaning and legacy of which are still subjects of intense debate. The Peculiar Revolution revisits this fascinating and idiosyncratic period of Latin American history. The book is organized into three sections that examine the era’s cultural politics, including not just developments directed by the Velasco regime but also those that it engendered but did not necessarily control; its specific policies and key institutions; and the local and regional dimensions of the social reforms it promoted. In a series of innovative chapters written by both prominent and rising historians, this volume illuminates the cultural dimensions of the revolutionary project and its legacies, the impact of structural reforms at the local level (including previously understudied areas of the country such as Piura, Chimbote, and the Amazonia), and the effects of state policies on ordinary citizens and labor and peasant organizations.

Military government --- History --- Peru --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy.

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Libraries --- Libraries. --- Cultural property. --- Archives. --- Cultural property --- Archives --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Documentation --- Public institutions --- Librarians --- Documents --- Manuscript depositories --- Manuscript repositories --- Manuscripts --- History --- Information services --- Records --- Cartularies --- Charters --- Diplomatics --- Public records --- Destruction of libraries --- Pillage --- Destruction and pillage. --- Destruction and pillage --- History. --- Depositories --- Repositories --- Latin America. --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- 930.25 <8> --- Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek--Zuid-Amerika