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Genetic recombination is an important process involved in shaping the genetic make up of progeny. Increasingly, it has become evident that recombination is a DNA repair pathway crucial during DNA replication in vegetatively growing cells. It plays a critical role in preserving the integrity of the genome by mediating the repair of DNA damage, which can occur during normal cellular metabolism as a result of oxidative stress, transcription, replication fork stalling or breakdown, or after the exposure to DNA damaging agents. Until recently, much of our knowledge on the mechanisms of genetic recombination has come from studies of prokaryotic and simple eukaryotic fungal systems. However, these studies have now been significantly extended to mammals, such that a comparative picture of the general factors and mechanisms of genetic recombination is beginning to emerge. Detailed genetic and biochemical studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many of the recombination-repair proteins in E. coli and S. cerevisiae, which in turn has led to the identification of homologues in human cells. The link between recombination defects and recombination proteins in a number of tumors as well as in human hereditary syndromes makes genetic recombination a cellular process of key importance not only in basic biology but also in biomedical studies.

Recombination, Genetic --- Cell Cycle --- DNA --- Genetic recombination. --- Molecular genetics. --- Recombinaison génétique --- Génétique moléculaire --- genetics. --- physiology. --- metabolism. --- Recombination, Genetic. --- Research. --- Genetic recombination --- Molecular genetics --- Metabolism --- Physiology --- Genetics --- Genetic Processes --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nucleic Acids --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Phenomena and Processes --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Genetic Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Cytology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Microbial genetics. --- Microbial genomics. --- Plant genetics. --- Animal genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Microbial Genetics and Genomics. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Molecular biology --- Chromosomes --- Recombinant DNA

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This detailed book compiles a series of laboratory protocols covering the most important aspects of R-loop biology. Beginning with a range of methods allowing for the detection of DNA-RNA hybrids, as well as their purification and visualization by electron microscopy, the volume continues with methods based on the use of RNase H-derived tools to detect DNA-RNA hybrids in vitro and in vivo. Several protocols permit studying non-canonical RNA nucleotides in the R-loop context, as well as a number of specific protocols devoted to the investigation of R-loop topology and their functional roles in the biology of mitochondria and telomeres. Finally, a large block of chapters is dedicated to different methods allowing genome-wide mapping of DNA-RNA hybrids in various organisms. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, R-Loops: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal resource for those working on R-loop homeostasis but also to scientists studying such areas of molecular and cell biology as genome integrity, DNA replication and repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription, RNA processing, modification and export, as well as for researchers elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cancer and genetic diseases.

Biology—Technique. --- Genomics. --- Biomaterials. --- Nucleic acids. --- DNA damage. --- DNA repair. --- DNA replication. --- Genomic Analysis. --- Nucleic Acid. --- DNA Damage and Repair. --- DNA Replication. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Chromosomal DNA replication --- DNA --- Replication of DNA --- Deoxyribonucleic acid repair --- Repair, DNA --- Repair mechanisms in DNA --- Biochemical genetics --- Antimutagens --- Damage, DNA --- Mutation (Biology) --- Research --- Replication --- Synthesis

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Genetic recombination is an important process involved in shaping the genetic make up of progeny. Increasingly, it has become evident that recombination is a DNA repair pathway crucial during DNA replication in vegetatively growing cells. It plays a critical role in preserving the integrity of the genome by mediating the repair of DNA damage, which can occur during normal cellular metabolism as a result of oxidative stress, transcription, replication fork stalling or breakdown, or after the exposure to DNA damaging agents. Until recently, much of our knowledge on the mechanisms of genetic recombination has come from studies of prokaryotic and simple eukaryotic fungal systems. However, these studies have now been significantly extended to mammals, such that a comparative picture of the general factors and mechanisms of genetic recombination is beginning to emerge. Detailed genetic and biochemical studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many of the recombination-repair proteins in E. coli and S. cerevisiae, which in turn has led to the identification of homologues in human cells. The link between recombination defects and recombination proteins in a number of tumors as well as in human hereditary syndromes makes genetic recombination a cellular process of key importance not only in basic biology but also in biomedical studies.