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This book presents up-to-date information on how to assess early preclinical alterations in the heart, the small and large arteries and the kidney in the general and the hypertensive population, using the most sensitive, specific and cost-effective techniques. A wide variety of techniques are discussed, with careful attention to the latest developments. For each organ, evidence is documented regarding the prevalence of organ damage. Information is provided on the potential induction of regression of organ damage by treatment, the criteria for establishing significant changes and the clinical prognostic significance of regression. The manual will be invaluable for all practitioners responsible for the clinical management of hypertensive patients, given that the assessment of early preclinical cardiovascular and renal damage permits more accurate risk stratification at baseline and facilitates evaluation of cardiovascular protection when regression of structural changes is achieved during treatment.

Medicine & Public Health. --- Cardiology. --- Angiology. --- Nephrology. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Medicine. --- Angiography. --- Médecine --- Angiographie --- Cardiologie --- Néphrologie --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Hypertension. --- Cardiovascular system --- Brain --- Wounds and injuries. --- Circulatory system --- Vascular system --- Blood pressure, High --- High blood pressure --- Vascular hypertension --- Health promotion. --- Blood --- Blood circulation disorders --- Circulation --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Internal medicine --- Kidneys --- Blood-vessels --- Diagnosis, Radioscopic --- Radiography, Medical --- Heart --- Radiography --- Diseases --- Health Workforce --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education

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This book offers an overview of the latest advances in the epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of secondary hypertension, provided by a group of the most highly respected European experts in this field. It is common belief that secondary forms of hypertension are rare, although in 95% of patients the cause of high blood pressure is unknown – euphemistically referred to as “essential”. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies that the prevalence of secondary hypertension is much higher than previously thought, accounting for 20%-25% of all hypertensive patients. There are additional, very good reasons for identifying those patients with secondary hypertension: firstly, they are exposed to a greater risk of suffering major cardiovascular events than patients with essential hypertension who have the same blood pressure level, and for this reason require particular care. Secondly, these patients can be relieved of a lifetime of pharmacological therapy or, at least, have a chance to be treated with more specific and effective medications. A high degree of clinical skill is required to recognize the often vague and subtle symptoms and signs that characterize patients with secondary hypertension, and clinicians need to fully comprehend the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of high blood pressure. Shedding new light on a complex area of cardiovascular medicine, the book enables readers to better treat affected patients.

Cardiology. --- Nephrology. --- Endocrinology . --- Neurology . --- Endocrinology. --- Neurology. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Internal medicine --- Hormones --- Kidneys --- Heart --- Diseases --- Hypertension. --- Blood pressure, High --- High blood pressure --- Vascular hypertension --- Blood circulation disorders --- Hipertensió --- Cardiologia --- Medicina interna --- Anestèsia en cardiologia --- Cardiologia geriàtrica --- Cardiologia pediàtrica --- Cardiologia veterinària --- Medicina intensiva en cardiologia --- Malalties cardiovasculars --- Malalties del cor --- Malalties vasculars --- Hipertensió arterial --- Pressió sanguínia alta --- Pressió sanguínia --- Hipertensió en l'embaràs --- Hipertensió portal --- Hipertensió pulmonar --- Hipertensió renal --- Antihipertensius --- Hipotensió arterial --- Pressió venosa

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This book offers an overview of the latest advances in the epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of secondary hypertension, provided by a group of the most highly respected European experts in this field. It is common belief that secondary forms of hypertension are rare, although in 95% of patients the cause of high blood pressure is unknown – euphemistically referred to as “essential”. There is increasing evidence from epidemiological studies that the prevalence of secondary hypertension is much higher than previously thought, accounting for 20%-25% of all hypertensive patients. There are additional, very good reasons for identifying those patients with secondary hypertension: firstly, they are exposed to a greater risk of suffering major cardiovascular events than patients with essential hypertension who have the same blood pressure level, and for this reason require particular care. Secondly, these patients can be relieved of a lifetime of pharmacological therapy or, at least, have a chance to be treated with more specific and effective medications. A high degree of clinical skill is required to recognize the often vague and subtle symptoms and signs that characterize patients with secondary hypertension, and clinicians need to fully comprehend the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of high blood pressure. Shedding new light on a complex area of cardiovascular medicine, the book enables readers to better treat affected patients.

Pathology of the circulatory system --- Pathological endocrinology --- Nefrology --- Neuropathology --- hersenen --- endocrinologie --- nefrologie --- cardiologie

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This book offers an extensive review of the most recent data on the pathophysiological role of structural and functional alterations in the microcirculation, particularly focusing on hypertension and diabetes. It covers several relevant and innovative aspects, including the possible mechanisms involved in the development of microvascular remodeling and rarefaction, the technical approaches available for the detection of microvascular alterations, including non-invasive evaluations, the prognostic role of changes in small resistance artery structure, the possibility of preventing or regressing such alterations with appropriate treatment, and the potential clinical advantages of such intervention. A number of innovative areas of research are considered, including the role of the immune system, inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of microvascular alterations. Lastly, it examines the availability of recent non-invasive methods for the evaluation of small resistance artery morphology in the retina, which in the near future may provide a useful tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk and even for clinical decisions regarding drug treatment, thus providing physicians with a clinically relevant instrument for improving and optimizing the management of hypertensive and diabetic patients. The book provides valuable, clinically relevant information for specialists (cardiology, internal medicine, and endocrinology) and general practitioners, and also offers novel and stimulating data to basic and clinical researchers.

Cardiology. --- Cardiovascular system. --- Geriatric nursing. --- Ophthalmology. --- Pharmacotherapy. --- Cardiovascular Biology. --- Geriatric Care. --- Drug therapy --- Pharmacotherapy --- Therapeutics --- Drugs --- Pharmacology --- Medicine --- Eye --- Gerontological nursing --- Nursing --- Circulatory system --- Vascular system --- Blood --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Diseases --- Circulation --- Microcirculation.

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Pathology of the circulatory system --- Pathological endocrinology --- Nefrology --- Neuropathology --- hersenen --- endocrinologie --- nefrologie --- cardiologie