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Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Central Asia --- AIDS (Disease) --- Prevention. --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression
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Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- Croatia --- Bulgaria --- Romania --- AIDS (Disease) --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression
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Service industry --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Eastern and Central Europe
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Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- Croatia --- Bulgaria --- Romania
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Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son la principal causa de muerte en los paises de ingresos medios-bajos, medios-altos y altos; para 2015 lo seran tambien en los paises de ingresos bajos. En adicion a la mortalidad, las ENT representan cerca de la mitad de la carga de enfermedad medida en anos de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) en los paises de ingresos bajos y medios, y se proyectan grandes aumentos en los DALY relacionados con las ENT. Para responder a este reto, los gobiernos deberan disenar e implementar politicas economicas, sociales y de salud con las cuales se trabaje en las relaciones existentes entre las ENT y la pobreza, y minimizar las perdidas economicas y en salud de la poblacion. Las politicas publicas y el reto de las enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles ofrece un marco de referencia util para los gobiernos en la formulacion de sus estrategias. Los autores senalan que la respuesta politica mas efectiva sera dual: desarrollar programas para evitar tanto como sea posible la amenazadora carga de enfermedad de las ENT-por ejemplo, mediante intervenciones en salud publica y mejores servicios de salud- y simultaneamente prepararse para atender el sistema de salud y las presiones economicas que se originaran con el incremento de las ENT a causa del envejecimiento de las poblaciones. Este libro interesara a los gobiernos, organizaciones internacionales, universidades e institutos de investigacion, concentrandose en los servicios de salud, politicas economicas, salud publica y estrategias de reduccion de la pobreza.
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The importance of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to global health has gained increased recognition since the early 1990's, and has been accompanied by calls for a stronger policy response. It is increasingly clear that aging populations, rising incomes, and increased exposure to risk factors are contributing to patterns of illness, disability and premature death due to NCDs that merit greater policy attention than they have received in the past. This report is an Agenda for Action in response to the growing economic, social and health problems posed by NCDs. The report has a dual
Chronic diseases. --- Chronic diseases --- World health --- Public Policy --- Public Health Practice --- Preventive Health Services --- Social Sciences --- Disease Attributes --- Public Health --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Social Control Policies --- Pathologic Processes --- Health Services --- Policy --- Social Control, Formal --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Health Care --- Sociology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Diseases --- Health Policy --- Chronic Disease --- Primary Prevention --- Economics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Public Health - General --- Government policy --- E-books --- World health. --- Government policy. --- Global health --- International health --- Diseases, Chronic --- NCDs (Noncommunicable diseases) --- Non-communicable diseases --- Non-infectious diseases --- Noncommunicable diseases --- Public health --- Medical geography --- International cooperation --- World Bank.
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Depuis le début des années 1990, l'importance des maladies non transmissibles chroniques (MNT) a fait l'objet d'un regain d'attention et de reconnaissance, dû principalement à l'évolution démographique mondiale et à la question corollaire du vieillissement. Ce rapport contient un agenda d'action visant à répondre aux problèmes économiques, sociaux et sanitaires croissants posés par les MNT et éviter ainsi une crise sanitaire à grande échelle. Son objectif est de permettre à la Banque mondiale et ses partenaires de réexaminer leur approche de la politique publique en tant qu'outil de prévention et de lutte contre les MNT (conduites préventives, thérapies adaptées), et, là où cela s'impose, de la modifier afin de contrôler les dépenses de santé, fournir des services aussi efficaces et équitables que possible et de mettre à disposition des décideurs une structure leur permettant d'aborder ces enjeux dans leurs pays.
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Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) son la principal causa de muerte en los paises de ingresos medios-bajos, medios-altos y altos; para 2015 lo seran tambien en los paises de ingresos bajos. En adicion a la mortalidad, las ENT representan cerca de la mitad de la carga de enfermedad medida en anos de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) en los paises de ingresos bajos y medios, y se proyectan grandes aumentos en los DALY relacionados con las ENT. Para responder a este reto, los gobiernos deberan disenar e implementar politicas economicas, sociales y de salud con las cuales se trabaje en las relaciones existentes entre las ENT y la pobreza, y minimizar las perdidas economicas y en salud de la poblacion. Las politicas publicas y el reto de las enfermedades cronicas no transmisibles ofrece un marco de referencia util para los gobiernos en la formulacion de sus estrategias. Los autores senalan que la respuesta politica mas efectiva sera dual: desarrollar programas para evitar tanto como sea posible la amenazadora carga de enfermedad de las ENT-por ejemplo, mediante intervenciones en salud publica y mejores servicios de salud- y simultaneamente prepararse para atender el sistema de salud y las presiones economicas que se originaran con el incremento de las ENT a causa del envejecimiento de las poblaciones. Este libro interesara a los gobiernos, organizaciones internacionales, universidades e institutos de investigacion, concentrandose en los servicios de salud, politicas economicas, salud publica y estrategias de reduccion de la pobreza.
Diseases --- Health Care --- Ncd --- Non-Communicable Diseases --- Spanish Translation
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Tuberculosis is the most important infectious cause of adult deaths after HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. This paper evaluates the economic benefits of extending the World Health Organization's DOTS Strategy (a multi-component approach that includes directly observed treatment, short course chemotherapy and several other components) as proposed in the Global Plan to Stop TB, 2006-2015. The authors use a model-based approach that combines epidemiological projections of averted mortality and economic benefits measured using value of statistical life for the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the 22 high-burden, tuberculosis-endemic countries in the world. The analysis finds that the economic benefits between 2006 and 2015 of sustaining DOTS at current levels relative to having no DOTS coverage are significantly greater than the costs in the 22 high-burden, tuberculosis-endemic countries and the Africa region. The marginal benefits of implementing the Global Plan to Stop TB relative to a no-DOTS scenario exceed the marginal costs by a factor of 15 in the 22 high-burden endemic countries, a factor of 9 (95% CI, 8-9) in the Africa region, and a factor of 9 (95% CI, 9-10) in the nine high-burden African countries. Uncertainty analysis shows that benefit-cost ratios of the Global Plan strategy relative to sustained DOTS were unambiguously greater than one in all nine high-burden countries in Africa and in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Russia. Although HIV curtails the effect of the tuberculosis programs by lowering the life expectancy of those receiving treatment, the benefits of the Global Plan are greatest in African countries with high levels of HIV.
Aged --- Chemotherapy --- Disease Control and Prevention --- Families --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Life expectancy --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Nutrition --- Patients --- Population Policies --- Public health --- Unemployment
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