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X and the City, a book of diverse and accessible math-based topics, uses basic modeling to explore a wide range of entertaining questions about urban life. How do you estimate the number of dental or doctor's offices, gas stations, restaurants, or movie theaters in a city of a given size? How can mathematics be used to maximize traffic flow through tunnels? Can you predict whether a traffic light will stay green long enough for you to cross the intersection? And what is the likelihood that your city will be hit by an asteroid? Every math problem and equation in this book tells a story and examples are explained throughout in an informal and witty style. The level of mathematics ranges from precalculus through calculus to some differential equations, and any reader with knowledge of elementary calculus will be able to follow the materials with ease. There are also some more challenging problems sprinkled in for the more advanced reader. Filled with interesting and unusual observations about how cities work, X and the City shows how mathematics undergirds and plays an important part in the metropolitan landscape.
Mathematical models. --- City and town life --- Cities and towns --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- City life --- Town life --- Urban life --- Models, Mathematical --- Simulation methods
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This one-of-a-kind book presents many of the mathematical concepts, structures, and techniques used in the study of rays, waves, and scattering. Panoramic in scope, it includes discussions of how ocean waves are refracted around islands and underwater ridges, how seismic waves are refracted in the earth's interior, how atmospheric waves are scattered by mountains and ridges, how the scattering of light waves produces the blue sky, and meteorological phenomena such as rainbows and coronas.Rays, Waves, and Scattering is a valuable resource for practitioners, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in applied mathematics, theoretical physics, and engineering. Bridging the gap between advanced treatments of the subject written for specialists and less mathematical books aimed at beginners, this unique mathematical compendium features problems and exercises throughout that are geared to various levels of sophistication, covering everything from Ptolemy's theorem to Airy integrals (as well as more technical material), and several informative appendixes.Provides a panoramic look at wave motion in many different contextsFeatures problems and exercises throughoutIncludes numerous appendixes, some on topics not often coveredAn ideal reference book for practitionersCan also serve as a supplemental text in classical applied mathematics, particularly wave theory and mathematical methods in physics and engineeringAccessible to anyone with a strong background in ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and functions of a complex variable
Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Airy approximation. --- Airy functions. --- Airy integral. --- Airy theory. --- Airy wavefront. --- Alexander's dark band. --- Bessel functions. --- Earth. --- Fermat's principle. --- Fresnel integrals. --- Hamilton's principle. --- Hamilton-Jacobi equation. --- Hamilton-Jacobi theory. --- Hamiltonian. --- Hooke's law. --- Kepler's laws of planetary motion. --- Lagrangian. --- Liouville transformation. --- Love waves. --- Navier equations. --- Ptolemy's theorem. --- Rayleigh scattering. --- Schrödinger equation. --- Sir George Biddle Airy. --- Snell's laws. --- Taylor–Goldstein equation. --- WKB(J) approximation. --- Wiechert-Herglotz inverse problem. --- acoustic wave propagation. --- action. --- angle of minimum deviation. --- applied mathematics. --- atmospheric waves. --- billow clouds. --- boundary-value problem. --- buoyancy waves. --- caustics. --- classical mechanics. --- classical wave equation. --- colors. --- complex plane. --- constant phase lines. --- contours. --- corona. --- currents. --- cusp catastrophes. --- deep water waves. --- differential equations. --- diffraction catastrophes. --- diffraction. --- dispersion relations. --- dispersion. --- divergence problem. --- earthquakes. --- eikonal equation. --- elastic solid. --- elastic waves. --- elementary mathematics. --- equations of motion. --- fluid equations. --- fold catastrophes. --- free surface. --- geometric wavefronts. --- geometrical optics. --- glory. --- inhomogeneous medium. --- integrals. --- intensity law. --- internal gravity waves. --- inverse scattering problem. --- islands. --- leading waves. --- lee waves. --- light waves. --- long waves. --- mathematics. --- meteorological optics. --- mountain waves. --- ocean acoustic waveguides. --- ocean acoustics. --- ocean waves. --- one-dimensional waves. --- optics. --- path. --- plane wave incident. --- plane waves. --- polarization. --- potential well. --- rainbow. --- ray equations. --- ray optics. --- ray theory. --- rays. --- reflection. --- refraction. --- ridge. --- scattering. --- seafloor. --- seismic rays. --- seismic tomography. --- seismic waves. --- semicircle theorem. --- shallow water waves. --- ship waves. --- short waves. --- strain. --- stratified fluid. --- stress. --- surface gravity waves. --- surface waves. --- transient waves. --- tsunami propagation. --- tsunamis. --- wave energy. --- wave refraction. --- wave trapping. --- wavefront. --- wavepackets. --- waves. --- wind shear.
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Guesstimation is a book that unlocks the power of approximation--it's popular mathematics rounded to the nearest power of ten! The ability to estimate is an important skill in daily life. More and more leading businesses today use estimation questions in interviews to test applicants' abilities to think on their feet. Guesstimation enables anyone with basic math and science skills to estimate virtually anything--quickly--using plausible assumptions and elementary arithmetic. Lawrence Weinstein and John Adam present an eclectic array of estimation problems that range from devilishly simple to quite sophisticated and from serious real-world concerns to downright silly ones. How long would it take a running faucet to fill the inverted dome of the Capitol? What is the total length of all the pickles consumed in the US in one year? What are the relative merits of internal-combustion and electric cars, of coal and nuclear energy? The problems are marvelously diverse, yet the skills to solve them are the same. The authors show how easy it is to derive useful ballpark estimates by breaking complex problems into simpler, more manageable ones--and how there can be many paths to the right answer. The book is written in a question-and-answer format with lots of hints along the way. It includes a handy appendix summarizing the few formulas and basic science concepts needed, and its small size and French-fold design make it conveniently portable. Illustrated with humorous pen-and-ink sketches, Guesstimation will delight popular-math enthusiasts and is ideal for the classroom.
Problem solving --- Estimation theory --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Estimating techniques --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Stochastic processes
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