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The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a ""green"" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME
Extraction (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Technique. --- Analysis, Chemical --- Analytic chemistry --- Chemical analysis --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Technical --- Diffusion --- Packed towers --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry)
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This is a unique compilation on the use of leaching/extraction methods in different fields. The use of leaching test methods is increasing in various areas including: waste treatment and disposal; incineration of waste; soil clean-up and reuse of cleaned soil; sludge treatment. This has led to (and may increasingly lead to) the development of a large number of very similar tests in these different fields. However, these developments are taking place with no clear understanding of their mutual relationships. In view of these developments, efforts are needed to harmonize the leaching procedures
Extraction (Chemistry) --- Leaching --- Chemistry, Technical --- Diffusion --- Packed towers --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Chemical engineering --- In situ processing (Mining) --- Ore-dressing --- Solution mining --- Leaching.
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Diffusion in metals is an important phenomenon, which has many applications, for example in all kinds of steel and aluminum production, and in alloy formation (technical applications e.g. in superconductivity and semiconductor science). In this book the data on diffusion in metals are shown, both in graphs and in equations.Reliable data on diffusion in metals are required by researchers who try to make sense of results from all kinds of metallurgical experiments, and they are equally needed by theorists and computer modelers. The previous compilation dates from 1990, and measurements r
Diffusion. --- Metals. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Diffusion --- Properties
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Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal.These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamic
Packed towers. --- Mass transfer. --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Columns, Packed --- Towers, Packed --- Chemical engineering --- Diffusion --- Equipment and supplies --- Chemistry --- Chemical Engineering
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This new game book for understanding atoms at play aims to document diffusion processes and various other properties operative in advanced technological materials. Diffusion in functional organic chemicals, polymers, granular materials, complex oxides, metallic glasses, and quasi-crystals among other advanced materials is a highly interactive and synergic phenomenon. A large variety of atomic arrangements are possible. Each arrangement affects the performance of these advanced, polycrystalline multiphase materials used in photonics, MEMS, electronics, and other applications of current and deve
Diffusion. --- Diffusion processes --- Mathematical models. --- Markov processes --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Diffusion --- Properties --- Engineering --- General and Others
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This compilation - the first of its kind - fills a real gap in the field of electrolyte data. Virtually all self-diffusion data in electrolyte solutions as reported in the literature have been examined and the book contains over 400 tables covering diffusion in binary and ternary aqueous solutions, in mixed solvents, and of non-electrolytes in various solvents.An important feature of the compilation is that all data have been critically examined and their accuracy assessed. Other features are an introductory chapter in which the methods of measurement are reviewed; appendices containing tables
Electrolyte solutions. --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Polyelectrolyte solutions --- Solutions, Electrolyte --- Electrolytes --- Diffusion --- Properties
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This volume on materials engineering comprises a collection of abstracts of recent scholarly papers and articles concerning a wide variety of topics related to the effects of structural defects and diffusion in many material areas, including thin-film manufacturing and facing metals. Review from Book News Inc.: This volume on materials engineering provides a collection of abstracts for recent scholarly papers and articles on a wide variety of topics related to the effects of structural defects and diffusion in several material areas including thin film manufacturing and faced metals. The abstr
Diffusion --- Materials --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Defects --- Properties
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This issue comprises an extensive body of selected data, on diffusion in iron-based materials, gleaned from research published in leading journals during the past 70 years. The materials covered range from the almost-pure metal, to high-alloy steels (including metallic glasses) and the data reflect the effect of special conditions (thin films, strain, etc.) upon bulk, surface and pipe diffusion. This publication will constitute an invaluable first port-of-call for anyone looking for a quick guide as to the extent of diffusion which is to be expected to occur during any research project or indu
Diffusion. --- Iron alloys. --- Ferroalloys --- Ferrous alloys --- Alloys --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Diffusion --- Properties
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The molecular dynamics technique was developed in the 1960s as the outgrowth of attempts to model complicated systems by using either a) direct physical simulation or (following the great success of Monte Carlo methods) by b) using computer techniques. Computer simulation soon won out over clumsy physical simulation, and the ever-increasing speed and sophistication of computers has naturally made molecular dynamics simulation into a more and more successful technique. One of its most popular applications is the study of diffusion, and some experts now even claim that molecular dynamics simulat
Molecular dynamics. --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Dynamics, Molecular --- Dynamics --- Diffusion --- Properties
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in preparation
Ceramics. --- Diffusion. --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Building materials --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay --- Diffusion --- Properties