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ISBN: 0765606909 9780765606907 0765606917 9780765606914 Year: 2001 Publisher: Armonk, N.Y.: Sharpe,
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Year: 1998 Publisher: [Kansas City, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City,
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ISBN: 044410965X 9780444109651 Year: 1975 Publisher: Amsterdam: North-Holland,
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Year: 1978 Publisher: 's-Gravenhage : Centraal Planbureau,
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ISBN: 9780190671013 Year: 2018 Publisher: New York : Oxford University Press,
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ISBN: 1873357532 9781873357538 Year: 1996 Publisher: London: Institute for Fiscal Studies,
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Year: 2009 Publisher: [Washington, D.C. : World Bank,
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"In contrast with a growing literature on the drivers of aggregate volatility in developing countries, its consequences in terms of individual incomes have received less attention. This paper looks at the impact of cyclical output fluctuations and extreme output events (crises) on unemployment, poverty, and inequality. The authors find robust evidence that aggregate volatility has a regressive, asymmetric, and non linear impact, as reflected in the strong influence of extreme output drops. The findings show that, in addition to the mitigating role of personal wealth, public expenditure and labor protection exert a similar benign effect. These findings are in line with the income substitutions view of social safety nets, and cast a new light on the value of social programs and labor market regulation in crisis prone developing countries. "--World Bank web site.
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND,
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This paper focuses on concerns over wages, jobs, and future prospects are real and pressing for those who are not well equipped to thrive in this new world. History clearly tells us that closing borders or increasing protectionism is not the way to go. Many countries have tried this route, and just as many have failed. Instead, we need to pursue policies that extend the benefits of openness and integration while alleviating their side effects. Emerging and developing economies have been the prime beneficiaries of economic openness. According to the World Bank, trade has helped reduce by half the pro¬portion of the global population living in extreme poverty. China, for instance, saw a phenomenal drop in its extreme poverty rate-from 36 percent at the end of the 1990s to 6 percent in 2011. Another example is Vietnam, which-in a single generation-moved from being one of the world's poorest nations to middle-in¬come status-which has allowed for increased investments in health and education.
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Year: 2008 Publisher: [Washington, D.C. : World Bank,
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"This paper examines the country-level dynamics of long-run growth in Africa between 1975 and 2005. The authors examine how growth has affected mobility and the distribution of income among countries. They analyze changes in cross-country income structure and convergence, and look for evidence of the formation of country groups or "clubs." Using a novel method of breaking up the growth histories of African economies into medium-term spells of growth accelerations and declines, the authors investigate whether a group of African "leopards" - the regional equivalent of Asia's "tigers" - is beginning to emerge. "--World Bank web site.