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Since the initial predictions for the existence of Weyl fermions in condensed matter, many different experimental techniques have confirmed the existence of Weyl semimetals. Among these techniques, optical responses have shown a variety of effects associated with the existence of Weyl fermions. In chiral crystals, we find a new type of fermions protected by crystal symmetries — the chiral multifold fermions — that can be understood as a higher-spin generalization of Weyl fermions. This work analyzes how multifold fermions interact with light and highlights the power of optical responses to identify and characterize multifold fermions and the materials hosting them. In particular, we find optical selection rules, compute the linear optical response of all chiral multifold fermions, and analyze the non-linear optical responses and their relation to the presence of topological bands. Finally, the research presented here analyzes the theoretical foundations and experimental features of optical responses of two multifold semimetals, RhSi and CoSi, connecting the observed features with the theoretical predictions and demonstrating the power of optical responses to understand real-life multifold semimetals.

Condensed matter. --- Topological insulators. --- Nanophotonics. --- Plasmonics. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Topological Material. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Nanophotonics and Plasmonics. --- Electronics --- Plasma engineering --- Nano photonics --- Photonics --- Insulators, Topological --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Materials --- Physics --- Science

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This new edition presents a unified description of these insulators from one to three dimensions based on the modified Dirac equation. It derives a series of solutions of the bound states near the boundary, and describes the current status of these solutions. Readers are introduced to topological invariants and their applications to a variety of systems from one-dimensional polyacetylene, to two-dimensional quantum spin Hall effect and p-wave superconductors, three-dimensional topological insulators and superconductors or superfluids, and topological Weyl semimetals, helping them to better understand this fascinating field. To reflect research advances in topological insulators, several parts of the book have been updated for the second edition, including: Spin-Triplet Superconductors, Superconductivity in Doped Topological Insulators, Detection of Majorana Fermions and so on. In particular, the book features a new chapter on Weyl semimetals, a topic that has attracted considerable attention and has already become a new hotpot of research in the community. .

Electric insulators and insulation. --- Dirac equation. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Bushings --- Insulation (Electric) --- Physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Semiconductors. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Solid State Physics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Differential equations, Partial --- Quantum field theory --- Wave equation --- Electric resistance --- Insulating materials --- Dielectrics --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Optics --- Materials --- Topological insulators. --- Electronic materials --- Physics --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics

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Topological insulators are insulating in the bulk, but process metallic states around its boundary owing to the topological origin of the band structure. The metallic edge or surface states are immune to weak disorder or impurities, and robust against the deformation of the system geometry. This book, Topological insulators, presents a unified description of topological insulators from one to three dimensions based on the modified Dirac equation. A series of solutions of the bound states near the boundary are derived, and the existing conditions of these solutions are described. Topological invariants and their applications to a variety of systems from one-dimensional polyacetalene, to two-dimensional quantum spin Hall effect and p-wave superconductors, and three-dimensional topological insulators and superconductors or superfluids are introduced, helping readers to better understand this fascinating new field. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students working in the field of topological insulators and related areas. Shun-Qing Shen is a Professor at the Department of Physics, the University of Hong Kong, China.

Layer structure (Solids) -- Congresses. --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Dirac equation --- Condensed matter --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Electric insulators and insulation. --- Dirac equation. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Bushings --- Insulation (Electric) --- Physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Semiconductors. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Solid State Physics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Differential equations, Partial --- Quantum field theory --- Wave equation --- Electric resistance --- Insulating materials --- Dielectrics --- Optics --- Materials --- Topological insulators. --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electronic materials

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The present collection of articles focuses on different aspects of topological-materials studies. Recent progress in both, theoretical and experimental, studies is covered in this Special Issue. A particular stress is given on different optical investigations, as well as on recent band-structure calculations. Besides, neutron scattering experiments, crystal growth, and a number of theoretical models for different topological systems are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- topological insulators --- optical conductivity --- Dirac materials --- Weyl nodes --- screw rotation symmetry --- line node --- space group 19 --- space group 61 --- cyclotron resonance --- crystal growth --- optical floating zone method --- SmB6 --- Sm1-xCexB6 --- topological insulator --- kondo insulator --- topology --- chirality --- multifold semimetal --- optics --- DFT --- topological semimetal --- cobalt monosilicide --- mechanical deformation --- quantum anomalous Hall effect --- Faraday rotation --- terahertz spectroscopy --- inelastic neutron scattering --- topological materials --- anomalous Hall effect --- isotropic ferromagnet --- kagome --- frustrated magnetism --- skyrmion --- magnetization --- optical-conductivity scaling --- topological semimetals --- band structures --- high Chern numbers --- bulk-edge correspondence --- Weyl semimetals --- band-structure calculations --- optical response --- n/a

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This Special Issue of Nanomaterials collects a series of original research articles providing new insight into the application of computational quantum physics and chemistry in research on nanomaterials. It illustrates the extension and diversity of the field and indicates some future directions. It provides the reader with an overall view of the latest prospects in this fast evolving and cross-disciplinary field

Research & information: general --- BTF --- TATB --- CL-20 --- cocrystal --- energetic materials --- shock sensitivity --- large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations --- AlN --- low-dimensional material --- atomic cluster --- electronic structure --- HSE06 hybrid functional --- CsPbBr3 --- CsPb2Br5 --- solvent polarity --- CTAB --- phase transition --- high-entropy alloys --- generalized stacking fault energy --- first-principles --- interfacial energy --- surface energy --- nanoparticles --- gold --- ab initio --- molecular mechanics --- fcc Ni --- tilt Σ5(210) grain boundary --- vacancy --- Si and Al impurity --- grain boundary energy --- segregation energy --- defects binding energies --- magnetism --- ferroelectricity --- SnTe --- nanoribbon --- nanoflakes --- critical size --- density-functional theory --- thermodynamics --- silver --- decahedron --- excess energy --- ab initio calculations --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- azobenzene --- density functional theory --- topological insulators --- magnetic doping --- defects --- environment and health --- first-principles physics --- DFT --- hazardous gas --- BTF --- TATB --- CL-20 --- cocrystal --- energetic materials --- shock sensitivity --- large-scale ab initio molecular dynamics simulations --- AlN --- low-dimensional material --- atomic cluster --- electronic structure --- HSE06 hybrid functional --- CsPbBr3 --- CsPb2Br5 --- solvent polarity --- CTAB --- phase transition --- high-entropy alloys --- generalized stacking fault energy --- first-principles --- interfacial energy --- surface energy --- nanoparticles --- gold --- ab initio --- molecular mechanics --- fcc Ni --- tilt Σ5(210) grain boundary --- vacancy --- Si and Al impurity --- grain boundary energy --- segregation energy --- defects binding energies --- magnetism --- ferroelectricity --- SnTe --- nanoribbon --- nanoflakes --- critical size --- density-functional theory --- thermodynamics --- silver --- decahedron --- excess energy --- ab initio calculations --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- azobenzene --- density functional theory --- topological insulators --- magnetic doping --- defects --- environment and health --- first-principles physics --- DFT --- hazardous gas