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Engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies’ structural applications require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for construction purposes. This would allow the efficient use of engineering materials. The efficiency can be understood in a simplified and heuristic manner as the optimization of performance and the proper combination of structural components, leading to the consumption of the least amount of natural resources. The solution to the eco-optimization problem, based on the adequate characterization of the materials, will enable implementing environmentally friendly engineering principles when the efficient use of advanced materials guarantees the required structural safety. Identifying fundamental relationships between the structure of advanced composites and their physical properties is the focus of this book. The collected articles explore the development of sustainable composites with valorized manufacturability corresponding to Industrial Revolution 4.0 ideology. The publications, amongst others, reveal that the application of nano-particles improves the mechanical performance of composite materials; heat-resistant aluminium composites ensure the safety of overhead power transmission lines; chemical additives can detect the impact of temperature on concrete structures. This book demonstrates that construction materials’ choice has considerable room for improvement from a scientific viewpoint, following heuristic approaches.

Technology: general issues --- steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- slender beams --- cyclic loading --- hysteretic response --- failure mode --- tests --- aluminum honeycomb --- deformation modes --- shock wave --- counter-intuitive behavior --- energy distribution --- acoustic stealth --- acoustic coating --- passive sound absorption --- active sound absorption --- acoustic characteristics of a submarine --- finite element method (FEM) --- slip --- group studs --- composite beam --- accelerated bridge construction --- steel fiber --- in situ amorphous coating --- laser surface remelting --- Ti-based alloy --- pipeline steel --- toughness --- cleavage unit --- crack propagation --- misorientation angles --- CFRP laminate --- mechanically fastened joints --- gradient material model --- dissimilar welding materials --- electron-beam welding --- fracture morphology --- fracture toughness --- crack deflection --- three-point bending test --- irreversible thermochromic --- cement composite --- manganese violet --- temperature indication --- heat monitoring --- cold-formed profiles --- high-strength steel --- local deformations --- bending test --- load-bearing capacity --- FRP --- concrete --- damage --- synergy --- strengthening --- finite element analysis --- composite material --- tribology --- vibrations --- resonance zone --- aluminum alloys --- composite materials --- epoxy resins --- power cables --- transmission lines --- CFRP --- NSM --- bond behavior --- structural behavior --- material characterization --- numerical modeling --- reinforced concrete --- steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- tension softening --- tension stiffening --- finite element (FE) analysis --- smeared crack model --- constitutive analysis --- residual stresses --- flexural behavior --- numerical analysis --- cyclic tests --- direct tension tests --- residual stiffness --- shear --- flexure --- shape memory alloys --- thermal environment --- composite laminates --- sound radiation --- 3D warp interlock fabric --- warp yarn interchange ratio --- mechanical test --- mechanical characterization --- fiber-reinforced composite --- soft body armor --- para-aramid fiber --- metal matrix composites --- SiC --- AZ91 --- magnesium alloy --- Cu-Cr system --- mechanical alloying --- solid solubility extension --- structural evolution --- thermodynamic --- n/a

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Most of the typical materials employed in today’s constructions present limitations, especially concerning their durability, in either common or severe environmental conditions, and their impact on the environment. In response to these issues, academic and industrial efforts around the world have been devoted to developing new smart materials that can provide efficient alternatives, improve the energy efficiency of buildings, or can upgrade, repair, or protect existing infrastructures. Different and wide technological innovations are, therefore, quickly fostering advancements in the field of construction materials. A new generation of materials (bricks, cement, coatings, concrete, FRP, glass, masonry, mortars, nano-materials, PCM, polymers, steel, wood, etc.) is gaining a prominent position in modern building technology, since they can overcome various limits and flaws of conventional materials employed in constructions, without neglecting the smart applications of pioneering materials in ancient constructions and historic buildings. Even though the adoption of innovative materials in the construction field has been a successful route in achieving enhanced performance, or even new and unexpected characteristics, some issues have not been completely solved. On top of them, the cost/performance ratio of novel solutions, since their introduction must be convenient, without compromising quality. Other concerns are related to their sustainability, with eco-friendly options, possibly exploiting recycled materials or by-products from other productions, being the most desirable solution. Finally, the use of materials or systems that are unconventional in this field raises the need to update or develop new specifications and standards. This special issue aims at providing a platform for discussing open issues, challenges, and achievements related to innovative materials proposed for the construction industry.

isogrid --- aircraft load-bearing structures --- finite elements method --- nonlinear numerical analyses --- stability --- equilibrium path --- cement --- gypsum --- hydraulic lime --- mechanical properties --- mortars --- phase-change materials (PCM) --- sustainable materials for buildings --- thermal energy storage --- glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar --- ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) --- concrete headed GFRP rebar --- bond strength --- development length --- flexural strength --- precast concrete deck --- material selection --- project performance --- material property --- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) --- building construction --- concrete system form --- phase change material (PCM) --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- thermal properties --- Ca7ZrAl6O18 --- 27Al MAS NMR --- Sr-rich (Sr,C)3AH6 --- cement hydration --- refractories --- immobilization of radioactive Sr --- shrinkage-reducing agent --- compressive strength --- splitting tensile strength --- freezing and thawing --- spacing factor --- cultural heritage --- durability --- mechanical characterization --- retrofitting --- strengthening --- quasi-brittle material --- three-point bending test --- energy fracture --- NHL --- composite material --- jute --- MICP --- ureolytic bacteria --- biocement --- natural plant fiber --- ladle furnace slag --- reclaimed asphalt pavements --- cold in-place recycling --- simple compressive strength --- bitumen emulsion --- waste --- circular economy --- bacteria --- biocementation --- construction --- microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation --- n/a