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Prepared by the Air and Gas Duct Structural Design Committee of the Energy Division of ASCEStructural Design of Air and Gas Ducts for Power Stations and Industrial Boiler Applications, Second Edition, assists structural engineers in the layout and performance of the structural analysis and design of air and flue gas ductwork for natural gas, coal, oil, reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE), and all other fossil fuel power stations and industrial boiler applications. Air and flue gas ducts are unique structures, yet the structural analysis and design of ductwork is not currently addressed or governed by any national code or design standard.Topics includeFlow, damper, and expansion joint ductwork arrangement considerations and impacts on the structural design;Material selection, behavior, and performance of carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloys for elevated temperatures and in corrosive environments including creep rupture, temper embrittlement, and graphitization phenomena;Air and flue gas ductwork unique loading cases and means of considering these loads in ASD and LRFD load combinations;Truss and finite element structural analysis modeling techniques;Strength design methods incorporating the AISC stability requirements (P-delta impacts);Longitudinal, tangential, and hoop stress considerations for the design of circular ductwork;Thermal and vibration considerations including thermal gradients and vortex shedding of internal elements;Thermal insulation systems;Toggle duct behavior and expansion joint considerations; andStructural assessment and reinforcement of ductwork as a result of changing operating conditions or ductwork modification.This fully updated report also discusses drawing and specification content, fabrication and construction techniques and considerations, duct support means, and special considerations regarding the design of duct support structures. Preventative maintenance examinations and inspections for the purpose of condition assessment and ascertaining the structural integrity of the ducts also are discussed.This new edition will be a valuable tool for structural engineers to understand the structural behavior of a duct system and in analyzing and designing its many structural components.

Power-plants --- Steam-boilers. --- Air ducts --- Flue gases. --- Structural analysis --- Structural design --- Structural behavior --- Power plants --- Duct --- Load and resistance factor design --- Emissions --- Industrial facilities --- Equipment and supplies. --- Design and construction. --- Structural analysis --- Structural design --- Structural behavior --- Power plants --- Duct --- Load and resistance factor design --- Emissions --- Industrial facilities

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Prepared by the Air and Gas Duct Structural Design Committee of the Energy Division of ASCE. This report assists structural engineers in performing the structural analysis and design of ductwork. Air and gas ducts for fossil fuel power stations and industrial boiler applications are unique structures, yet structural analysis and design of ductwork are not currently referenced or governed by any national code or design standard Topics include: material selection, behavior and performance; design loads, loading combinations and allowable stresses; thermal considerations; vibration considerations; structural arrangement and behavior; toggle duct behavior and expansion joint considerations; overall duct structural analysis and design methods; and design considerations for local elements of the structure, such as stiffeners, internal braces, connections, turning vanes, and other flow distribution devices. This report also discusses drawing and specification content, fabrication and construction techniques and considerations, duct support methods, and special considerations regarding the design of duct support structures. Finally, it talks about field maintenance examinations and inspections for the purpose of preventative maintenance or condition assessment.

Power plants --- Steam-boilers --- Air ducts --- Flue gases --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Structural design --- Power plants --- Structural behavior --- Duct --- Structural analysis --- Natural gas --- Industrial facilities --- Stress analysis --- Equipment and supplies --- Design and construction --- Structural design --- Power plants --- Structural behavior --- Duct --- Structural analysis --- Natural gas --- Industrial facilities --- Stress analysis

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Engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies’ structural applications require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for construction purposes. This would allow the efficient use of engineering materials. The efficiency can be understood in a simplified and heuristic manner as the optimization of performance and the proper combination of structural components, leading to the consumption of the least amount of natural resources. The solution to the eco-optimization problem, based on the adequate characterization of the materials, will enable implementing environmentally friendly engineering principles when the efficient use of advanced materials guarantees the required structural safety. Identifying fundamental relationships between the structure of advanced composites and their physical properties is the focus of this book. The collected articles explore the development of sustainable composites with valorized manufacturability corresponding to Industrial Revolution 4.0 ideology. The publications, amongst others, reveal that the application of nano-particles improves the mechanical performance of composite materials; heat-resistant aluminium composites ensure the safety of overhead power transmission lines; chemical additives can detect the impact of temperature on concrete structures. This book demonstrates that construction materials’ choice has considerable room for improvement from a scientific viewpoint, following heuristic approaches.

steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- slender beams --- cyclic loading --- hysteretic response --- failure mode --- tests --- aluminum honeycomb --- deformation modes --- shock wave --- counter-intuitive behavior --- energy distribution --- acoustic stealth --- acoustic coating --- passive sound absorption --- active sound absorption --- acoustic characteristics of a submarine --- finite element method (FEM) --- slip --- group studs --- composite beam --- accelerated bridge construction --- steel fiber --- in situ amorphous coating --- laser surface remelting --- Ti-based alloy --- pipeline steel --- toughness --- cleavage unit --- crack propagation --- misorientation angles --- CFRP laminate --- mechanically fastened joints --- gradient material model --- dissimilar welding materials --- electron-beam welding --- fracture morphology --- fracture toughness --- crack deflection --- three-point bending test --- irreversible thermochromic --- cement composite --- manganese violet --- temperature indication --- heat monitoring --- cold-formed profiles --- high-strength steel --- local deformations --- bending test --- load-bearing capacity --- FRP --- concrete --- damage --- synergy --- strengthening --- finite element analysis --- composite material --- tribology --- vibrations --- resonance zone --- aluminum alloys --- composite materials --- epoxy resins --- power cables --- transmission lines --- CFRP --- NSM --- bond behavior --- structural behavior --- material characterization --- numerical modeling --- reinforced concrete --- steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) --- tension softening --- tension stiffening --- finite element (FE) analysis --- smeared crack model --- constitutive analysis --- residual stresses --- flexural behavior --- numerical analysis --- cyclic tests --- direct tension tests --- residual stiffness --- shear --- flexure --- shape memory alloys --- thermal environment --- composite laminates --- sound radiation --- 3D warp interlock fabric --- warp yarn interchange ratio --- mechanical test --- mechanical characterization --- fiber-reinforced composite --- soft body armor --- para-aramid fiber --- metal matrix composites --- SiC --- AZ91 --- magnesium alloy --- Cu-Cr system --- mechanical alloying --- solid solubility extension --- structural evolution --- thermodynamic --- n/a

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The mechanics of fracture and fatigue have produced a huge body of research work in relation to applications to metal materials and structures. However, a variety of non-metallic materials (e.g., concrete and cementitious composites, rocks, glass, ceramics, bituminous mixtures, composites, polymers, rubber and soft matter, bones and biological materials, and advanced and multifunctional materials) have received relatively less attention, despite their attractiveness for a large spectrum of applications related to the components and structures of diverse engineering branches, applied sciences and architecture, and to the load-carrying systems of biological organisms. This book covers the broad topic of structural integrity of non-metallic materials, considering the modelling, assessment, and reliability of structural elements of any scale. Original contributions from engineers, mechanical materials scientists, computer scientists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians are presented, applying both experimental and theoretical approaches.

History of engineering & technology --- Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers—CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- n/a --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials. --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP

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The mechanics of fracture and fatigue have produced a huge body of research work in relation to applications to metal materials and structures. However, a variety of non-metallic materials (e.g., concrete and cementitious composites, rocks, glass, ceramics, bituminous mixtures, composites, polymers, rubber and soft matter, bones and biological materials, and advanced and multifunctional materials) have received relatively less attention, despite their attractiveness for a large spectrum of applications related to the components and structures of diverse engineering branches, applied sciences and architecture, and to the load-carrying systems of biological organisms. This book covers the broad topic of structural integrity of non-metallic materials, considering the modelling, assessment, and reliability of structural elements of any scale. Original contributions from engineers, mechanical materials scientists, computer scientists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians are presented, applying both experimental and theoretical approaches.

History of engineering & technology --- Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials. --- Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials.