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Byron K. Marshall offers here a dramatic study of the changing nature and limits of academic freedom in prewar Japan, from the Meiji Restoration to the eve of World War II.Meiji leaders founded Tokyo Imperial University in the late nineteenth century to provide their new government with necessary technical and theoretical knowledge. An academic elite, armed with Western learning, gradually emerged and wielded significant influence throughout the state. When some faculty members criticized the conduct of the Russo-Japanese War the government threatened dismissals. The faculty and administration banded together, forcing the government to back down. By 1939, however, this solidarity had eroded. The conventional explanation for this erosion has been the lack of a tradition of autonomy among prewar Japanese universities. Marshall argues instead that these later purges resulted from the university's 40-year fixation on institutional autonomy at the expense of academic freedom.Marshall's finely nuanced analysis is complemented by extensive use of quantitative, biographical, and archival sources.

Academic freedom --- Universities and colleges --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Colleges --- Degree-granting institutions --- Higher education institutions --- Higher education providers --- Institutions of higher education --- Postsecondary institutions --- Public institutions --- Schools --- Education, Higher --- Educational freedom --- Freedom, Academic --- Freedom of information --- Liberty --- Intellectual freedom --- History. --- History --- 1939. --- academic elite. --- academic freedom. --- faculty members. --- government threats. --- institutional autonomy. --- japanese universities. --- japanese. --- lack of tradition. --- late 19th century. --- meiji restoration. --- new government. --- prewar japan. --- russo japanese war. --- technical knowledge. --- theoretical knowledge. --- tokyo imperial university. --- tokyo. --- western learning. --- world war 2.

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Julia Adeney Thomas turns the concept of nature into a powerful analytical lens through which to view Japanese modernity, bringing the study of both Japanese history and political modernity to a new level of clarity. She shows that nature necessarily functions as a political concept and that changing ideas of nature's political authority were central during Japan's transformation from a semi feudal world to an industrializing colonial empire. In political documents from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century, nature was redefined, moving from the universal, spatial concept of the Tokugawa period, through temporal, social Darwinian ideas of inevitable progress and competitive struggle, to a celebration of Japan as a nation uniquely in harmony with nature. The so-called traditional "Japanese love of nature" masks modern state power. Thomas's theoretically sophisticated study rejects the supposition that modernity is the ideological antithesis of nature, overcoming the determinism of the physical environment through technology and liberating denatured subjects from the chains of biology and tradition. In making "nature" available as a critical term for political analysis, this book yields new insights into prewar Japan's failure to achieve liberal democracy, as well as an alternative means of understanding modernity and the position of non-Western nations within it.

Nature --- Effect of human beings on --- Japan --- Politics and government --- J4600.70 --- J4610 --- J4000.70 --- Japan: Politics and law -- history -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- Japan: Politics and law -- theory, methodology and philosophy --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- asia. --- biology. --- colonial empire. --- colonialism. --- competition. --- east asia. --- empire. --- environment. --- environmentalism. --- feudalism. --- harmony. --- industrial revolution. --- japan. --- japanese colonialism. --- japanese history. --- japanese imperialism. --- japanese literature. --- japanese studies. --- liberal democracy. --- meiji history. --- modern japan. --- modernity. --- natural world. --- nature. --- nonfiction. --- physical environment. --- political authority. --- political power. --- politics. --- prewar japan. --- progress. --- social darwinism. --- state power. --- technology. --- tokugawa. --- tradition.

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Thousands of wounded servicemen returned to Japan following the escalation of Japanese military aggression in China in July 1937. Tens of thousands would return home after Japan widened its war effort in 1939. In Casualties of History, Lee K. Pennington relates for the first time in English the experiences of Japanese wounded soldiers and disabled veterans of Japan's "long" Second World War (from 1937 to 1945). He maps the terrain of Japanese military medicine and social welfare practices and establishes the similarities and differences that existed between Japanese and Western physical, occupational, and spiritual rehabilitation programs for war-wounded servicemen, notably amputees. To exemplify the experience of these wounded soldiers, Pennington draws on the memoir of a Japanese soldier who describes in gripping detail his medical evacuation from a casualty clearing station on the front lines and his medical convalescence at a military hospital. Moving from the hospital to the home front, Pennington documents the prominent roles adopted by disabled veterans in mobilization campaigns designed to rally popular support for the war effort. Following Japan's defeat in August 1945, U.S. Occupation forces dismantled the social welfare services designed specifically for disabled military personnel, which brought profound consequences for veterans and their dependents. Using a wide array of written and visual historical sources, Pennington tells a tale that until now has been neglected by English-language scholarship on Japanese society. He gives us a uniquely Japanese version of the all-too-familiar story of soldiers who return home to find their lives (and bodies) remade by combat.

War and society --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Disabled veterans --- Society and war --- War --- Sociology --- Civilians in war --- Sociology, Military --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Disabled sailors --- Disabled soldiers --- Service-disabled veterans --- Veterans, Disabled --- People with disabilities --- Veterans --- History --- Medical care --- Casualties --- Social aspects --- J3384 --- J4880.80 --- Japan: History -- Gendai, modern -- Shōwa period -- World War II (1931-1945) --- Japan: Defense and military -- history -- Gendai (1926- ), prewar Shōwa period, WW II, 20th century

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Une synthèse sur l'histoire des kamikazes japonais, étayée par des témoignages de rescapés. Essentiellement recrutés parmi de jeunes étudiants, ils furent l'instrument spectaculaire de la propagande guerrière. L'ouvrage évoque leur place dans l'imaginaire collectif et les rapports difficiles du pays avec la mémoire. ©Electre 2015

Kamikaze airplanes --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Kamikazes (Avions) --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Aerial operations, Japanese --- Opérations aériennes japonaises --- Suicide --- Campaigns --- Psychological aspects --- Japan. --- History --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Opérations aériennes japonaises --- Killing oneself --- Self-killing --- Death --- Right to die --- Causes --- Kamikaze Tokubetsu Kōgekitai (Japan) --- Shimpū Tokubetsu Kōgekitai (Japan) --- Japanese Naval Special Attack Force --- 日本. --- History. --- World War (1939-1945) --- J3388 --- J4888.10 --- J4800.80 --- Japan: History -- Gendai, modern -- Shōwa period -- World War II -- Pacific war (1941-1945) --- Japan: Defense and military -- arms, weaponry --- Japan: International politics and law in general --- --Causes --- J4880.80 --- Japan: Defense and military -- history -- Gendai (1926- ), prewar Shōwa period, WW II, 20th century --- World War, 1939-1945 - Aerial operations, Japanese --- World War, 1939-1945 - Campaigns - Pacific Ocean --- Suicide - Japan - Psychological aspects --- tactique désespérée --- mourir pur vaincre --- endoctrinement --- terreur --- idéologie --- kamikazes --- Japon

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World War, 1939-1945 --- Mahan, Alfred Thayer, --- Japan. --- History --- Japan --- History, Naval --- Foreign relations --- J3375 --- J4810.80 --- J4815.11 --- J4880.80 --- J4884 --- Japan: History -- Kindai, modern -- Taishō period (1912-1926) --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- Gendai (1926- ), Shōwa period, 20th century --- Japan: International politics and law -- international relations, policy and security -- North America -- United States --- Japan: Defense and military -- history -- Gendai (1926- ), prewar Shōwa period, WW II, 20th century --- Japan: Defense and military -- navy --- Mahan, A. T. --- Ma-han, --- Mahan, Arufureddo, --- Mahan, Arufureddo T., --- Mėkhėna, A.T., --- Мэхэна, А.Т., --- Imperial Japanese Navy --- Dai Nippon Kaigun --- Dai Nippon Teikoku Kaigun --- Nippon Teikoku Kaigun --- World War, 1939-1945 - Japan --- Mahan, Alfred Thayer, - 1840-1914 --- Japan - History, Naval - 1868-1945 --- Japan - Foreign relations - 20th century