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Military doctrine --- History. --- United States. --- Operations other than war

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Law enforcement --- United States. --- Civic action. --- Operations other than war.

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Among the current military operations other than war (MOOTW), ongoing peace operations in Iraq and Bosnia, in particular, are producing an operations tempo unprecedented in peacetime. This optempo is stressing people and equipment, making it difficult for the United States Air Force (USAF) to prepare fully for potential combat operations in major regional conflicts. The objectives of this report are to help the USAF better understand the effects of current MOOTW on training and readiness, to explore some options to reduce those effects, and to propose new concepts of operations to enhance USAF capabilities to accomplish future MOOTW tasks. The report first looks at the types of MOOTW the Air Force and its predecessors have participated in since 1916 (including a database of 869 missions), and the changes in those types since the end of the Cold War. It then analyzes how MOOTW optempo is affecting force training, readiness, and morale, and explores several options for addressing these problems, including a "cop-on-the-beat" operational concept to reduce the size of deployed forces. Next, it discusses the reasons MOOTW have taken on greater importance in the post-Cold War environment, identifies current and future MOOTW tasks that the USAF could be assigned, and presents some new concepts of operation to accomplish these tasks.

United States. --- Operational readiness. --- Operations other than war.

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Military law --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Operations other than war

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The Arroyo Center is researching ways for the U.S. Army to maximize its effectiveness and efficiency in interagency military operations other than war (MOOTW). Army and civilian efforts to provide humanitarian and nation assistance in MOOTW are coinciding more and more frequently. The Army must identify how it can maximize its comparative advantage in this environment despite internal and external pressures to assume tasks that may fall more logically to civilian U.S. government agencies or even to nongovernmental organizations or UN agencies. The Army must help find a balance at all levels--policy, operational, and tactical--in which it contributes to interagency MOOTW without either usurping civilian agencies' roles, on the one hand, or being asked to assume too many of their responsibilities, on the other. The Army must start with a clear sense of which interagency problems lie outside its sphere of influence, and which lie within it. Among the steps the Army can take to enhance its efforts in interagency MOOTW are the following: more input by the Chief of Staff of the Army at the policy end; more education of soldiers and civilians about their respective objectives, methods, and capabilities; closer linkages up and down the civilian and Army chains of command; and more Army input into doctrine guiding interagency coordination, including the structure and manning of civil-military operations centers.

International cooperation. --- United States. --- Operations other than war.