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Studies focusing on the perinatal period face unique challenges, yet research in this area is extremely important, as this period of life is highly delicate and adverse events might have a long-lasting impact. With the advent of powerful high-resolution and high-throughput analytical methods, researchers have started to successfully develop and implement novel approaches in this area. New insights have great potential to be translated into novel diagnostic tools, as well as alternative preventive and treatment approaches. This book collects a series of timely review and original research articles focusing on metabolomic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the perinatal period.We would like to thank all involved authors for their high-quality contributions and their commitment to the publication of this work and hope that this book will be a useful resource for students, scientists, and doctors working in this specific area of application.

Medicine --- glutathione --- glutamate --- oxidative stress --- hypoxia ischemia --- endotoxin --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- N-acetylcysteine --- vitamin D --- neonatal HIE --- MRS --- preterm birth --- sex differences --- male disadvantage --- female advantage --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- retinopathy of prematurity --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- intraventricular hemorrhage --- periventricular leukomalacia --- mortality --- transposition of the great arteries --- balloon atrial septostomy --- hypoxemia --- metabolomics --- newborn --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) --- allopurinol --- hypothermia --- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy --- oxidative damage --- donor milk --- treatment --- Holder pasteurization --- breastmilk --- preterm --- antioxidant capacity --- asphyxia neonatorum --- non-invasive diagnostics --- saliva --- neonatal hypoxia–ischemia --- kynurenic acid (KYNA) --- neuroprotection --- hyperoxia --- prematurity --- n/a --- neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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This Nutrients Special Issue focuses on neonatal nutritional advances for inflammatory disorders affecting infants such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Nutrition can significantly impact the development of certain diseases that afflict infants. This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research on the role of nutrition in preventing or impacting neonatal disorders. Specifically, this Special Issue focuses on the role of breast milk or donor breast milk and the various components in milk that have been demonstrated to protect against NEC and other inflammatory diseases. This issue provides a comprehensive composite of the advances in nutritional strategies that can modulate or prevent neonatal intestinal disorders.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition --- donor breast milk --- human milk --- milk analysis --- very low birth weight --- preterm --- growth --- preterm infant --- donor human milk --- formula feeding --- breastfeeding --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- breast milk --- prematurity --- immunity --- newborn --- inflammation --- colostrum administration --- premature neonates --- clinical outcomes --- intestinal resection --- short bowel syndrome --- intestinal adaptation --- microbiome --- parenteral nutrition --- hormones --- milk fat globule --- long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- premature infants --- neonatal --- intestine --- glycosaminoglycans --- intestinal inflammation --- bioactive --- donor milk --- gastroschisis --- intestinal atresia --- human milk fortifier --- patient empowerment --- neonatal nutrition --- communication --- product labeling --- NICU parent --- extracellular vesicle --- exosome --- immature intestine --- formula --- osmolality --- breastmilk --- late onset sepsis --- bloodstream infections --- enteric pathogens --- human milk banks --- NEC --- meta-analysis --- breast-feeding --- spontaneous intestinal perforation --- feeding --- nutrition

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The plant-derived polyphenol curcumin has been used in promoting health and combating disease for thousands of years. Its therapeutic effects have been successfully utilized in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine in order to treat inflammatory diseases. Current results from modern biomolecular research reveal the modulatory effects of curcumin on a variety of signal transduction pathways associated with inflammation and cancer. In this context, curcumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and even anti-metastatic activities are discussed. On the cellular level, the reduced activity of several transcription factors (such as NFkB or AP-1) and the suppression of inflammatory cytokines, matrix degrading enzymes, metastasis related genes and even microRNAs are reported. On functional levels, these molecular effects translate into reduced proliferative, invasive, and metastatic capacity, as well as induced tumor cell apoptosis. All these effects have been observed not only in vitro but also in animal models. In combination with anti-neoplastic drugs like Taxol, kinase inhibitors, and radiation therapy, curcumin potentiates the drugs’ therapeutic power and can protect against undesired side effects. Natural plant-derived compounds like curcumin have one significant advantage: They do not usually cause side effects. This feature qualifies curcumin for primary prevention in healthy persons with a predisposition to cancer, arteriosclerosis, or chronic inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, curcumin is considered safe, although potential toxic effects stemming from high dosages, long-term intake, and pharmacological interactions with other compounds have yet to be assessed. This Special Issue examines in detail and updates current research on the molecular targets, protective effects, and modes of action of natural plant-derived compounds and their roles in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.

minerals --- cancer treatment --- chitosan --- n/a --- neurodegeneration --- antioxidant activity --- senescence --- tumor proliferation --- nanoparticles --- antimicrobial agents --- oxidative metabolites --- drug discovery --- Akt/mTOR signaling --- micronutrients --- ulcerative colitis --- transmission electron microscopy --- metabolic reprogramming --- curcumin --- death receptor --- chaperone-mediated autophagy --- wound healing --- brain ischemia --- autophagy --- Alzheimer’s disease --- genes --- transthyretin --- inflammatory bowel disease --- cellular pathway --- centrifugal partition chromatography --- nutrition --- amyloid --- Curcuma longa --- protein aggregation --- supportive care --- IL-17 --- senolytics --- complementary medicine --- macronutrients --- structure activity relationship --- gastroprotection --- Zingiberaceae --- anti-inflamation --- TLC bioautography --- microbiota --- glioblastoma multiforme --- amyloidosis --- SHMT2 --- antioxidants --- silica --- apoptosis --- reflux esophagitis --- gastric ulcer --- TLC-MS --- anti-cancer --- anticancer --- ImageJ --- anti-tumor --- delivery system --- wound --- Helicobacter pylori --- direct protein binding --- protein misfolding --- tumor growth --- diet --- Crohn’s disease --- hydrostatic counter-current chromatography --- ageing --- renal cell cancer --- gastric cancer --- amino-acids --- STAT3 --- mechanism of action --- inflamm-aging --- mitophagy --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- cell cycling --- vitamins --- turmeric tuber --- cancer --- tau protein --- Alzheimer's disease --- Crohn's disease

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Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the lung are important contributors to pulmonary immune functions and to pulmonary development and alveolar repair mechanisms following lung injury. AECI, together with the capillary endothelium, form the extremely thin barrier between alveolar air and blood. AECII produce and metabolize the surface-tension lowering and immune-modulating surfactant and are the progentiors of AECI. A great variety of processes rely on their normal functioning, including maintenance of the alveolar barrier; innate immune defense; and processes of differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. The wide range of AEC functions is nicely reflected by the diversity of topics addressed by the four review and eight original articles contained in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Beyond the broad spectrum of topics, the authors of this issue also made use of an impressive variety of analytical methods, thus further illustrating the fascinating diversity of aspects related to AEC biology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- JAM-A --- P2X7 receptor --- mouse lung --- alveolar epithelium --- bleomycin-induced lung injury --- GSK-3β --- dietary sugar --- hyperglycemia --- lung mechanics --- alveolar septal composition --- physical activity --- extracellular matrix remodeling --- high-altitude pulmonary edema --- acute mountain sickness --- oxygen diffusion limitation --- surfactant protein B --- atelectrauma --- alveolar fluid --- acinar micromechanics --- acute lung injury --- autophagy --- lysosome --- lysosomal membrane permeability --- mitochondria --- pneumocyte --- microRNA-21 --- alveolar micromechanics --- structural remodeling --- inflammatory signaling --- lung --- alveolus --- type 1 alveolar epithelial cell --- type 2 alveolar epithelial cell --- focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy --- 3D reconstruction --- carbon dioxide --- hypercapnia --- Na,K-ATPase --- endoplasmic reticulum --- sodium transport --- protein oxidation --- alveolar epithelial cells --- pulmonary fibrosis --- epithelial cell dysfunction --- stem cell exhaustion --- pneumonia --- necrotizing --- regeneration --- model --- bovine --- chlamydia --- alveoli --- air-blood barrier --- epithelium --- air-liquid interface --- alveolar lining layer --- glycocalyx --- surfactant --- lung injury --- lung regeneration