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In this Special Issue, one review paper highlights the necessity of multiscale CFD, coupling micro- and macro-scales, for exchanging information at the interface of the two scales. Four research papers investigate the hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions of various processes using Eulerian CFD modeling. CFD models are attractive for industrial applications. However, substantial efforts in physical modeling and numerical implementation are still required before their widespread implementation.

History of engineering & technology --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- Eulerian continuum fluid --- volume of fluid (VOF) --- multiscale simulation --- multiphase flow --- multiphysics --- chemical and biological processes --- circulating fluidized bed riser --- computational fluid dynamics --- eulerian–eulerian --- drag models --- 2D simulation --- multi-tubular reactor --- oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) --- reactor design --- butadiene --- multiscale modeling --- liquid plunging jet --- waste water treatment --- VOF --- void fraction --- air entrainment --- conjugate heat transfer --- open-cell foams --- structured reactors --- volumetric heat sources --- fluid properties --- STAR-CCM+ --- dynamic operation

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This Special Issue comprises 9 research papers on the application of microwaves in chemical engineering, covering the basic research into the optimization design of microwave reaction equipment as well as methods to improve microwave heating uniformity. Also included are the practical application of microwave-assisted processing in chemical engineering in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine and essential oils from plant materials; the treatment of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer waste; and the drying treatment of drill cuttings and Zhaotong lignite. These 9 papers together represent unique and valuable references in the research of microwave technology.

History of engineering & technology --- microwave heating --- biodiesel --- oleic acid --- coupling --- multiphysics calculation --- Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) --- microwave-assisted extraction --- response surface methodology --- yield and composition of essential oils --- uniformity analysis --- electric discharge analysis --- Aurantii fructus --- antioxidant flavonoids --- ultrasonic-assisted extraction --- criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method --- red vine leaves --- polyphenols --- microwaves --- ultrasonic waves --- pulsed electric fields --- laboratory robot --- extraction --- lignite --- microwave drying kinetics --- hot-air drying kinetics --- effective diffusion coefficient --- apparent activation energy --- applicator design --- electromagnetic simulation --- coaxial feeding --- drill cuttings --- drying --- energy --- microwave --- conveyor belt --- CFRP --- recycling --- carbon fibers --- thermolysis --- n/a

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Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments.

hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system --- resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter --- scheme design --- short-circuit fault --- Yttrium barium copper oxide materials --- transient simulation --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell --- Raman spectroscopy --- electrical conductivity --- phase transition --- pressure-induced metallization --- iron-based superconductors --- critical currents --- flux pinning --- microstructure --- superconducting tape --- quench --- R-SFCL --- AC and DC overcurrent --- experiment --- finite element method (FEM) --- numerical modeling --- superconducting coil --- alternating current (AC) losses --- superconducting material law --- inductive fault current limiter --- magnetic flux shielding --- multiphysics simulation --- transient state --- field-circuit coupling method --- high-temperature superconducting bulk --- modeling --- magnetic levitation --- electromagnetic-thermo-force coupling --- high speed --- HTS --- bulk superconductors --- coated conductors --- mathematical modelling --- H-formulation

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This Special Issue includes papers on physical phenomena, such as wind-driven flows, coastal flooding, and turbidity currents, and modeling techniques, such as model comparison, model coupling, parallel computation, and domain decomposition. These papers illustrate the need for modeling coastal ocean flows with multiple physical processes at different scales. Additionally, these papers reflect the current status of such modeling of coastal ocean flows, and they present a roadmap with numerical methods, data collection, and artificial intelligence as future endeavors.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- high performance computing --- HPC --- PETSc --- parallelization --- scalability --- parallel performance --- streams --- curvilinear --- non-hydrostatic --- ocean modeling --- GCCOM --- open boundaries --- domain decomposition --- variational data assimilation --- inverse problems --- shallow water equations --- boundary conditions --- mathematical modelling --- coastal ocean modelling --- computational methods --- hydrodynamic --- modeling --- sea level rise --- mobile application --- app --- crowdsourcing --- SCHISM --- Tidewatch --- StormSense --- Catch the King --- downstream blocking --- compound flooding --- coastal storm surge and inundation --- explosive lateral flooding --- hurricane inland and upland flooding --- coastal modelling --- operational forecasting --- model evaluation --- inter-comparison --- NEMO --- FVCOM --- Ocean Protection Plan --- turbidity current --- suspended sediment --- numerical model --- Gulf of Mexico --- cold front --- Hurricane Barry --- numerical simulation --- subtidal hydrodynamics --- multi-inlet --- volume flux --- multiscale --- multiphysics --- model coupling --- data collection --- machine learning --- high performance computing --- HPC --- PETSc --- parallelization --- scalability --- parallel performance --- streams --- curvilinear --- non-hydrostatic --- ocean modeling --- GCCOM --- open boundaries --- domain decomposition --- variational data assimilation --- inverse problems --- shallow water equations --- boundary conditions --- mathematical modelling --- coastal ocean modelling --- computational methods --- hydrodynamic --- modeling --- sea level rise --- mobile application --- app --- crowdsourcing --- SCHISM --- Tidewatch --- StormSense --- Catch the King --- downstream blocking --- compound flooding --- coastal storm surge and inundation --- explosive lateral flooding --- hurricane inland and upland flooding --- coastal modelling --- operational forecasting --- model evaluation --- inter-comparison --- NEMO --- FVCOM --- Ocean Protection Plan --- turbidity current --- suspended sediment --- numerical model --- Gulf of Mexico --- cold front --- Hurricane Barry --- numerical simulation --- subtidal hydrodynamics --- multi-inlet --- volume flux --- multiscale --- multiphysics --- model coupling --- data collection --- machine learning

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Plastic (and microplastic) pollution has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time, and a hallmark of the human-driven epoch known as the Anthropocene. It has gained the attention of the general public, governments, and environmental scientists worldwide. To date, the main focus has been on plastics in the marine environment, but interest in the presence and effects of plastics in freshwaters has increased in the recent years. The occurrence of plastics within inland lakes and rivers, as well as their biota, has been demonstrated. Experiments with freshwater organisms have started to explore the direct and indirect effects resulting from plastic exposure. There is a clear need for further research, and a dedicated space for its dissemination. This book is devoted to highlighting current research from around the world on the prevalence, fate, and effects of plastic in freshwater environments.

Information technology industries --- hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system --- resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter --- scheme design --- short-circuit fault --- Yttrium barium copper oxide materials --- transient simulation --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell --- Raman spectroscopy --- electrical conductivity --- phase transition --- pressure-induced metallization --- iron-based superconductors --- critical currents --- flux pinning --- microstructure --- superconducting tape --- quench --- R-SFCL --- AC and DC overcurrent --- experiment --- finite element method (FEM) --- numerical modeling --- superconducting coil --- alternating current (AC) losses --- superconducting material law --- inductive fault current limiter --- magnetic flux shielding --- multiphysics simulation --- transient state --- field-circuit coupling method --- high-temperature superconducting bulk --- modeling --- magnetic levitation --- electromagnetic-thermo-force coupling --- high speed --- HTS --- bulk superconductors --- coated conductors --- mathematical modelling --- H-formulation --- hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system --- resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter --- scheme design --- short-circuit fault --- Yttrium barium copper oxide materials --- transient simulation --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell --- Raman spectroscopy --- electrical conductivity --- phase transition --- pressure-induced metallization --- iron-based superconductors --- critical currents --- flux pinning --- microstructure --- superconducting tape --- quench --- R-SFCL --- AC and DC overcurrent --- experiment --- finite element method (FEM) --- numerical modeling --- superconducting coil --- alternating current (AC) losses --- superconducting material law --- inductive fault current limiter --- magnetic flux shielding --- multiphysics simulation --- transient state --- field-circuit coupling method --- high-temperature superconducting bulk --- modeling --- magnetic levitation --- electromagnetic-thermo-force coupling --- high speed --- HTS --- bulk superconductors --- coated conductors --- mathematical modelling --- H-formulation