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This Special Issue of Entropy, titled “Recent Advances in Single-Particle Tracking: Experiment and Analysis”, contains a collection of 13 papers concerning different aspects of single-particle tracking, a popular experimental technique that has deeply penetrated molecular biology and statistical and chemical physics. Presenting original research, yet written in an accessible style, this collection will be useful for both newcomers to the field and more experienced researchers looking for some reference. Several papers are written by authorities in the field, and the topics cover aspects of experimental setups, analytical methods of tracking data analysis, a machine learning approach to data and, finally, some more general issues related to diffusion.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- diauxic growth --- replicator equation --- mesoscopic model --- integro-differential equations --- anomalous diffusion --- statistical analysis --- single-particle tracking --- trajectory classification --- fractional Brownian motion --- estimation --- autocovariance function --- neural network --- Monte Carlo simulations --- multifractional Brownian motion --- power of the statistical test --- machine learning classification --- feature engineering --- confinement --- information theory --- Brownian particle --- stochastic thermodynamics --- CTRW --- diffusing-diffusivity --- occupation time statistics --- wound healing dynamics --- single pseudo-particle tracking --- phase contrast image segmentation --- 3D single-particle tracking --- Fisher information --- non-uniform illumination --- SPT --- deep learning --- residual neural networks --- random walk --- heterogeneous --- endosomes --- single particle trajectory --- stochastic processes --- trapping

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The deployment of distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs) has accelerated globally due to environmental concerns and an increasing demand for electricity. DRERs are considered to be solutions to some of the current challenges related to power grids, such as reliability, resilience, efficiency, and flexibility. However, there are still several technical and non-technical challenges regarding the deployment of distributed renewable energy resources. Technical concerns associated with the integration and control of DRERs include, but are not limited, to optimal sizing and placement, optimal operation in grid-connected and islanded modes, as well as the impact of these resources on power quality, power system security, stability, and protection systems. On the other hand, non-technical challenges can be classified into three categories—regulatory issues, social issues, and economic issues. This Special Issue will address all aspects related to the integration and control of distributed renewable energy resources. It aims to understand the existing challenges and explore new solutions and practices for use in overcoming technical challenges.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- distribution system --- microgrids --- power quality --- power system management --- power system reliability --- smart grids --- distribution networks --- Monte Carlo simulations --- PV hosting capacity --- photovoltaics --- green communities --- energy independence --- HOMER --- wind turbines --- power losses --- power system optimization --- PV curves --- DG --- TSA/SCA --- solar-powered electric vehicle parking lots --- different PV technologies --- PLO’s profit --- uncertainties --- smart grid paradigm --- distributed generation --- model-based predictive control --- robustness --- worst-case scenario --- min–max optimisation --- intraday forecasting --- Gaussian process regression --- machine learning --- off-grid system --- composite control strategy --- solar photovoltaic panel --- wind turbine --- diesel generator --- energy storage system (ESS) --- synchronous machine (SM) --- permanent magnet brushless DC machine (PMBLDCM) --- power quality improvement --- n/a --- PLO's profit --- min-max optimisation

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Like all branches of physics and engineering, electromagnetics relies on mathematical methods for modeling, simulation, and design procedures in all of its aspects (radiation, propagation, scattering, imaging, etc.). Originally, rigorous analytical techniques were the only machinery available to produce any useful results. In the 1960s and 1970s, emphasis was placed on asymptotic techniques, which produced approximations of the fields for very high frequencies when closed-form solutions were not feasible. Later, when computers demonstrated explosive progress, numerical techniques were utilized to develop approximate results of controllable accuracy for arbitrary geometries. In this Special Issue, the most recent advances in the aforementioned approaches are presented to illustrate the state-of-the-art mathematical techniques in electromagnetics.

cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- parabolic law --- wave field transformation --- finite difference method --- Cole–Cole model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- percolation --- conductivity --- carbon nanotubes composite --- optical parametric amplification --- non-linear wave mixing --- micro-resonator --- optimization --- MRI system --- birdcage coil --- birdcage configurations --- coil capacitance --- analytical solution --- equivalent circuit modelling --- T-matrix theory --- 3D-EM simulation --- small volume RF coil --- method of auxiliary sources (MAS) --- electromagnetic scattering --- wedge --- numerical methods --- accuracy --- coil gun --- reluctance --- electromagnetic launcher --- mechatronics --- electronics --- mechanics --- simulation --- RoboCup --- magnetic field strength --- magnetic flux density --- magnetic potential --- current density --- power transmission line --- electromagnetic modelling --- integral formulation --- skin effect --- thin shell approach --- mutual inductance --- finite element method --- partial element equivalent circuit method --- magnetite nanoparticles --- Mie scattering theory --- near infrared laser --- photothermal therapy --- bioheat transfer --- diffusion approximation --- Arrhenius integral --- breast cancer --- air-core pulsed alternator --- electromagnetic rail launcher --- coupled analysis --- computational electromagnetics --- integral formulations --- n/a --- cubic-quartic Schrödinger equation --- cubic-quartic resonant Schrödinger equation --- Cole-Cole model

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Particle accelerators and radiation based on radio-frequency (RF) cavities have significantly contributed to the advancement of science and technology in the most recent century. However, the rising costs and scales for building cutting-edge accelerators act as barriers to accessing these particle and radiation sources. Since the introduction of chirped pulse amplification technology in the 1990s, short-pulse, high-power lasers have enabled the realization of laser-driven accelerations and radiation sources. Laser-driven accelerators and radiation sources could be a viable alternative to providing compact and cost-effective particle and photon sources. An accelerating field in a plasma, driven by intense laser pulses, is typically several orders of magnitude greater than that of RF accelerators, while controlling the plasma media and intense laser pulses is highly demanding. Therefore, numerous efforts have been directed toward developing laser-driven high-quality particle beams and radiation sources with the goal of paving the way for these novel sources to be used in a variety of applications. This Special Issue covers the latest developments in laser-based ion and electron accelerators; laser-plasma radiation sources; advanced targetry and diagnostic systems for laser-driven particle accelerators; particle beam transport solutions for multidisciplinary applications; ionizing radiation dose map determination; and new approaches to laser–plasma nuclear fusion using high-intensity, short laser pulses.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- spectra of laser accelerated particle beams --- mapping of radiation dose --- GEANT4 simulations --- Monte Carlo simulation --- laser-driven ion acceleration --- imaging plate --- high repetition rate target --- ion acceleration --- laser-plasma interaction --- Thomson parabola --- electromagnetic pulse --- laser electron acceleration --- laser proton acceleration --- high-intensity lasers --- non-destructive testing --- elemental analysis --- petawatt laser --- laser plasma --- laser wakefield acceleration --- compact electron accelerator --- GeV electron beam --- laser-plasma accelerator --- TNSA --- laser-accelerated protons --- magnetic beamline --- Particle Induced X-ray Emission --- laser-produced plasma --- plasma light source --- far-ultraviolet spectroscopy --- Seya-Namioka monochromator --- radiation-hydrodynamics --- collisional-radiative model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- Geant4 --- laser-accelerated ion beams --- proton-boron fusion --- laser-plasma acceleration --- α-particle beam

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The book edition of the Universe Special Issue “Compact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram” is devoted to the overarching aspects shared between heavy-ion collisions and compact star astrophysics in investigating the hadron-to-quark matter phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in different regions of the phase diagram of QCD. It comprises 22 review and research articles that, together, will serve as a useful guide in educating both young and senior scientists in this emerging field that represents an intersection of the communities of strongly interacting matter theory, heavy-ion collision physics and compact star astrophysics.

Gamma-ray bursts --- collective flow --- vector interaction --- quarks --- meson production --- ? meson condensation --- neutrino --- magnetic DCDW --- pulsars --- light cluster emission --- monte carlo simulations --- neutron stars --- chiral symmetry --- GW170817 --- stellar structure --- supernova explosions --- maximum mass --- mass-radius relation --- nuclear equation of state --- in-medium effects --- Beth-Uhlenbeck equation of state --- speed of sound --- gravitational waves --- relativistic heavy-ion collisions --- crystalline structure --- neutron star --- finite density --- transport theory --- stellar evolution --- neutron star matter --- hadronic matter --- general relativity --- critical point --- ? resonances --- QCD matter --- modified excluded-volume mechanism --- cold-dense QCD --- quark stars --- quark-hole pairing --- finite size --- mass-twin stars --- pasta phases --- hybrid stars --- cluster virial expansion --- finite temperature --- quark-hadron phase transition --- hadron–quark continuity --- stellar magnetic field --- strangeness --- quark-gluon plasma --- pulsars: PSR J0737 ? 3039A --- pulsars: general --- combustion --- Mott dissociation --- hybrid compact stars --- quark deconfinement --- quark matter --- Gravitational waves --- pulsars: PSR J1757 ? 1854 --- neutrino emissivities --- directed flow --- star oscillations --- quark-hadron matter --- QCD phase diagram --- phase transition --- equation of state --- nuclear matter --- nuclear symmetry energy --- hydrodynamics --- deconfinement --- stars: neutron --- axion QED --- Quantum Chromodynamics --- dense matter --- heavy-ion collisions