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The deployment of distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs) has accelerated globally due to environmental concerns and an increasing demand for electricity. DRERs are considered to be solutions to some of the current challenges related to power grids, such as reliability, resilience, efficiency, and flexibility. However, there are still several technical and non-technical challenges regarding the deployment of distributed renewable energy resources. Technical concerns associated with the integration and control of DRERs include, but are not limited, to optimal sizing and placement, optimal operation in grid-connected and islanded modes, as well as the impact of these resources on power quality, power system security, stability, and protection systems. On the other hand, non-technical challenges can be classified into three categories—regulatory issues, social issues, and economic issues. This Special Issue will address all aspects related to the integration and control of distributed renewable energy resources. It aims to understand the existing challenges and explore new solutions and practices for use in overcoming technical challenges.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- distribution system --- microgrids --- power quality --- power system management --- power system reliability --- smart grids --- distribution networks --- Monte Carlo simulations --- PV hosting capacity --- photovoltaics --- green communities --- energy independence --- HOMER --- wind turbines --- power losses --- power system optimization --- PV curves --- DG --- TSA/SCA --- solar-powered electric vehicle parking lots --- different PV technologies --- PLO's profit --- uncertainties --- smart grid paradigm --- distributed generation --- model-based predictive control --- robustness --- worst-case scenario --- min-max optimisation --- intraday forecasting --- Gaussian process regression --- machine learning --- off-grid system --- composite control strategy --- solar photovoltaic panel --- wind turbine --- diesel generator --- energy storage system (ESS) --- synchronous machine (SM) --- permanent magnet brushless DC machine (PMBLDCM) --- power quality improvement --- distribution system --- microgrids --- power quality --- power system management --- power system reliability --- smart grids --- distribution networks --- Monte Carlo simulations --- PV hosting capacity --- photovoltaics --- green communities --- energy independence --- HOMER --- wind turbines --- power losses --- power system optimization --- PV curves --- DG --- TSA/SCA --- solar-powered electric vehicle parking lots --- different PV technologies --- PLO's profit --- uncertainties --- smart grid paradigm --- distributed generation --- model-based predictive control --- robustness --- worst-case scenario --- min-max optimisation --- intraday forecasting --- Gaussian process regression --- machine learning --- off-grid system --- composite control strategy --- solar photovoltaic panel --- wind turbine --- diesel generator --- energy storage system (ESS) --- synchronous machine (SM) --- permanent magnet brushless DC machine (PMBLDCM) --- power quality improvement

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Symmetry is one of the most important notions in natural science; it lies at the heart of fundamental laws of nature and serves as an important tool for understanding the properties of complex systems, both classical and quantum. Another trend, which has in recent years undergone intensive development, is mesoscopic physics. This branch of physics also combines classical and quantum ideas and methods. Two main directions can be distinguished in mesoscopic physics. One is the study of finite quantum systems of mesoscopic sizes. Such systems, which are between the atomic and macroscopic scales, exhibit a variety of novel phenomena and find numerous applications in creating modern electronic and spintronic devices. At the same time, the behavior of large systems can be influenced by mesoscopic effects, which provides another direction within the framework of mesoscopic physics. The aim of the present book is to emphasize the phenomena that lie at the crossroads between the concept of symmetry and mesoscopic physics.

Research & information: general --- Bose systems --- asymptotic symmetry breaking --- Bose–Einstein condensation --- particle fluctuations --- stability of Bose systems --- fractals --- small-angle scattering --- form factor --- structural properties --- dimension spectra --- pair distance distribution function --- stochastic dynamics --- symmetry breaking --- field-theoretic renormalization group --- Bose–Einstein condensates --- density --- position variance --- momentum variance --- angular-momentum variance --- harmonic-interaction model --- MCTDHB --- particle-hole symmetry --- metal–insulator transition --- random gap model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- structure factor --- quantum droplet --- binary Bose–Einstein condensate --- modulational instability --- graphene --- ripple --- transport --- symmetry --- quantum dot --- Kramers degeneracy --- spin-orbit interaction --- tight-binding approach --- Bose-Einstein condensates --- Josephson oscillations --- spontaneous symmetry breaking --- Thomas-Fermi approximation --- dynamical chaos --- ground states --- perturbation theory --- Bose systems --- asymptotic symmetry breaking --- Bose–Einstein condensation --- particle fluctuations --- stability of Bose systems --- fractals --- small-angle scattering --- form factor --- structural properties --- dimension spectra --- pair distance distribution function --- stochastic dynamics --- symmetry breaking --- field-theoretic renormalization group --- Bose–Einstein condensates --- density --- position variance --- momentum variance --- angular-momentum variance --- harmonic-interaction model --- MCTDHB --- particle-hole symmetry --- metal–insulator transition --- random gap model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- structure factor --- quantum droplet --- binary Bose–Einstein condensate --- modulational instability --- graphene --- ripple --- transport --- symmetry --- quantum dot --- Kramers degeneracy --- spin-orbit interaction --- tight-binding approach --- Bose-Einstein condensates --- Josephson oscillations --- spontaneous symmetry breaking --- Thomas-Fermi approximation --- dynamical chaos --- ground states --- perturbation theory

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Particle accelerators and radiation based on radio-frequency (RF) cavities have significantly contributed to the advancement of science and technology in the most recent century. However, the rising costs and scales for building cutting-edge accelerators act as barriers to accessing these particle and radiation sources. Since the introduction of chirped pulse amplification technology in the 1990s, short-pulse, high-power lasers have enabled the realization of laser-driven accelerations and radiation sources. Laser-driven accelerators and radiation sources could be a viable alternative to providing compact and cost-effective particle and photon sources. An accelerating field in a plasma, driven by intense laser pulses, is typically several orders of magnitude greater than that of RF accelerators, while controlling the plasma media and intense laser pulses is highly demanding. Therefore, numerous efforts have been directed toward developing laser-driven high-quality particle beams and radiation sources with the goal of paving the way for these novel sources to be used in a variety of applications. This Special Issue covers the latest developments in laser-based ion and electron accelerators; laser-plasma radiation sources; advanced targetry and diagnostic systems for laser-driven particle accelerators; particle beam transport solutions for multidisciplinary applications; ionizing radiation dose map determination; and new approaches to laser–plasma nuclear fusion using high-intensity, short laser pulses.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- spectra of laser accelerated particle beams --- mapping of radiation dose --- GEANT4 simulations --- Monte Carlo simulation --- laser-driven ion acceleration --- imaging plate --- high repetition rate target --- ion acceleration --- laser–plasma interaction --- Thomson parabola --- electromagnetic pulse --- laser electron acceleration --- laser proton acceleration --- high-intensity lasers --- non-destructive testing --- elemental analysis --- petawatt laser --- laser plasma --- laser wakefield acceleration --- compact electron accelerator --- GeV electron beam --- laser-plasma accelerator --- TNSA --- laser-accelerated protons --- magnetic beamline --- Particle Induced X-ray Emission --- laser-produced plasma --- plasma light source --- far-ultraviolet spectroscopy --- Seya–Namioka monochromator --- radiation-hydrodynamics --- collisional-radiative model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- Geant4 --- laser-accelerated ion beams --- proton–boron fusion --- laser–plasma acceleration --- α-particle beam --- n/a --- laser-plasma interaction --- Seya-Namioka monochromator --- proton-boron fusion --- laser-plasma acceleration

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Particle accelerators and radiation based on radio-frequency (RF) cavities have significantly contributed to the advancement of science and technology in the most recent century. However, the rising costs and scales for building cutting-edge accelerators act as barriers to accessing these particle and radiation sources. Since the introduction of chirped pulse amplification technology in the 1990s, short-pulse, high-power lasers have enabled the realization of laser-driven accelerations and radiation sources. Laser-driven accelerators and radiation sources could be a viable alternative to providing compact and cost-effective particle and photon sources. An accelerating field in a plasma, driven by intense laser pulses, is typically several orders of magnitude greater than that of RF accelerators, while controlling the plasma media and intense laser pulses is highly demanding. Therefore, numerous efforts have been directed toward developing laser-driven high-quality particle beams and radiation sources with the goal of paving the way for these novel sources to be used in a variety of applications. This Special Issue covers the latest developments in laser-based ion and electron accelerators; laser-plasma radiation sources; advanced targetry and diagnostic systems for laser-driven particle accelerators; particle beam transport solutions for multidisciplinary applications; ionizing radiation dose map determination; and new approaches to laser–plasma nuclear fusion using high-intensity, short laser pulses.

spectra of laser accelerated particle beams --- mapping of radiation dose --- GEANT4 simulations --- Monte Carlo simulation --- laser-driven ion acceleration --- imaging plate --- high repetition rate target --- ion acceleration --- laser–plasma interaction --- Thomson parabola --- electromagnetic pulse --- laser electron acceleration --- laser proton acceleration --- high-intensity lasers --- non-destructive testing --- elemental analysis --- petawatt laser --- laser plasma --- laser wakefield acceleration --- compact electron accelerator --- GeV electron beam --- laser-plasma accelerator --- TNSA --- laser-accelerated protons --- magnetic beamline --- Particle Induced X-ray Emission --- laser-produced plasma --- plasma light source --- far-ultraviolet spectroscopy --- Seya–Namioka monochromator --- radiation-hydrodynamics --- collisional-radiative model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- Geant4 --- laser-accelerated ion beams --- proton–boron fusion --- laser–plasma acceleration --- α-particle beam --- n/a --- laser-plasma interaction --- Seya-Namioka monochromator --- proton-boron fusion --- laser-plasma acceleration

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The present volume “New Trends in Lithium Niobate: From Bulk to Nanocrystals” contains the materials of a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Crystals dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Ortwin F. Schirmer and provides a new synopsis of his research focusing on LiNbO3. It also includes recent developments, exemplifying the continued interest in this outstanding ferroelectric, non-linear optical and holographic crystal as a workhorse for testing and realizing new ideas and applications.This book starts with reviews on intrinsic and extrinsic crystal defects in LiNbO3 of single-crystal, thin-film or nano-powder forms, studied by various optical, magnetic resonance and nuclear methods, clarifying in particular the reasons for the suppression of anion vacancy formation upon thermal reduction, mechano-chemical processing or irradiations of various types. The reviews are followed by research papers on the experimental and theoretical investigation of small polarons, together with recent results on the properties of Li(Nb,Ta)O3 mixed crystals. Among the various contributions dealing with nonlinear optical applications, papers on device development, entangled photon pair generation and thin films on the Lithium Niobate On Insulator (LNOI) platform can also be found.

Research & information: general --- lithium niobate --- small polaron hopping --- transient absorption --- mode-locked laser --- nonlinear mirror mode locking --- lithium tantalate --- crystal structure --- chemical composition --- ferroelectrics --- second harmonic generation --- lead-free piezoelectrics --- intrinsic defects --- extrinsic defects --- elemental doping --- ferromagnetism --- diluted-magnetic oxides --- LiNbO3 --- LiTaO3 --- oxide crystals --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- LNOI --- ferroelectric domains --- domain-wall conduction --- AFM --- thin film lithium niobate --- TFLN --- x-cut LN --- domain walls --- piezoresponse force microscopy --- second-harmonic generation --- Raman scattering --- electro-optics --- whispering gallery resonators --- polarons --- photorefractivity --- Marcus-Holstein’s theory --- Monte Carlo simulations --- strontium titanate --- self-trapped electrons --- oxygen vacancies --- defects --- impurity --- intrinsic defect --- paramagnetic ion --- electron paramagnetic resonance --- electron nuclear double resonance --- lithium vacancy --- lithium --- niobate --- epitaxy --- thin film --- liquid phase epitaxy --- molecular beam epitaxy --- sputtering --- pulsed laser deposition --- chemical vapor deposition --- lithium niobate-tantalate --- piezoelectric --- acoustic --- high-temperature --- sensor --- Q-factor --- BAW resonator --- parametric down-conversion --- photon-pair generation --- extended phase matching --- microring resonator --- varFDTD --- lithium tantalate thin film --- electro-optical devices --- lattice location --- radiation damage --- ion beam analysis --- hyperfine interactions --- charge localization --- lattice deformation --- optical response --- density-functional theory --- Bethe-Salpeter equation --- nanoparticles --- nanopowders --- X-ray diffraction --- Raman spectroscopy --- temperature dependence of electroconductivity --- bipolarons --- defect structure and generation --- Li diffusion --- bulk crystals --- thin films --- nanocrystals --- lithium niobate --- small polaron hopping --- transient absorption --- mode-locked laser --- nonlinear mirror mode locking --- lithium tantalate --- crystal structure --- chemical composition --- ferroelectrics --- second harmonic generation --- lead-free piezoelectrics --- intrinsic defects --- extrinsic defects --- elemental doping --- ferromagnetism --- diluted-magnetic oxides --- LiNbO3 --- LiTaO3 --- oxide crystals --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- LNOI --- ferroelectric domains --- domain-wall conduction --- AFM --- thin film lithium niobate --- TFLN --- x-cut LN --- domain walls --- piezoresponse force microscopy --- second-harmonic generation --- Raman scattering --- electro-optics --- whispering gallery resonators --- polarons --- photorefractivity --- Marcus-Holstein’s theory --- Monte Carlo simulations --- strontium titanate --- self-trapped electrons --- oxygen vacancies --- defects --- impurity --- intrinsic defect --- paramagnetic ion --- electron paramagnetic resonance --- electron nuclear double resonance --- lithium vacancy --- lithium --- niobate --- epitaxy --- thin film --- liquid phase epitaxy --- molecular beam epitaxy --- sputtering --- pulsed laser deposition --- chemical vapor deposition --- lithium niobate-tantalate --- piezoelectric --- acoustic --- high-temperature --- sensor --- Q-factor --- BAW resonator --- parametric down-conversion --- photon-pair generation --- extended phase matching --- microring resonator --- varFDTD --- lithium tantalate thin film --- electro-optical devices --- lattice location --- radiation damage --- ion beam analysis --- hyperfine interactions --- charge localization --- lattice deformation --- optical response --- density-functional theory --- Bethe-Salpeter equation --- nanoparticles --- nanopowders --- X-ray diffraction --- Raman spectroscopy --- temperature dependence of electroconductivity --- bipolarons --- defect structure and generation --- Li diffusion --- bulk crystals --- thin films --- nanocrystals