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Before the hydrogen bomb indelibly associated radioactivity with death, many chemists, physicians, botanists, and geneticists believed that radium might hold the secret to life. Physicists and chemists early on described the wondrous new element in lifelike terms such as "decay" and "half-life," and made frequent references to the "natural selection" and "evolution" of the elements. Meanwhile, biologists of the period used radium in experiments aimed at elucidating some of the most basic phenomena of life, including metabolism and mutation. From the creation of half-living microbes in the test tube to charting the earliest histories of genetic engineering, Radium and the Secret of Life highlights previously unknown interconnections between the history of the early radioactive sciences and the sciences of heredity. Equating the transmutation of radium with the biological transmutation of living species, biologists saw in metabolism and mutation properties that reminded them of the new element. These initially provocative metaphoric links between radium and life proved remarkably productive and ultimately led to key biological insights into the origin of life, the nature of heredity, and the structure of the gene. Radium and the Secret of Life recovers a forgotten history of the connections between radioactivity and the life sciences that existed long before the dawn of molecular biology.
Radium. --- Genetics. --- technology, biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, science history, radioactivity, hydrogen bomb, chemists, physicians, botanists, geneticists, radium, secret to life, physicists, new element, decay, half-life, natural selection, evolution, biologists, metabolism, mutation, half-living microbes, scientific experiments, genetic engineering, radioactive sciences, heredity, living species, biological transmutation, structure of the gene, molecular biology.
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There is little doubt that computer and video games occupy a significant place in contemporary popular culture. Taking its cue from practices of reading texts in literary and cultural studies, this text considers the computer game as an emerging mode of contemporary storytelling.
Computer games. --- Computer games - Social aspects. --- Computer games --- Recreation & Sports --- Social Sciences --- Social aspects --- #SBIB:309H240 --- #SBIB:309H17 --- Andere media (theater, plastische kunsten, strips, affiches, speelautomaten...) --- Computer- en videogames --- Social aspects. --- Application software --- Electronic games --- Internet games --- Television games --- Videogames --- Games --- pong --- video --- gaming --- computer --- arcade --- game --- Half-Life (video game) --- Lara Croft --- Tomb Raider --- Video games --- Video games. --- Film and Media --- LITERARY CRITICISM --- Computer games / online games: strategy guides --- online games: strategy guides --- American --- General
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This work focuses on new electromagnetic decay mode in nuclear physics. The first part of the thesis presents the observation of the two-photon decay for a transition where the one-photon decay is allowed. In the second part, so called quadrupole mixed-symmetry is investigated in inelastic proton scattering experiments. In 1930 Nobel-prize winner M. Goeppert-Mayer was the first to discuss the two-photon decay of an exited state in her doctoral thesis. This process has been observed many times in atomic physics. However in nuclear physics data is sparse. Here this decay mode has only been observed for the special case of a transition between nuclear states with spin and parity quantum number 0+. For such a transition, the one-photon decay – the main experimental obstacle to observe the two-photon decay – is forbidden. Furthermore, the energy sharing and angular distributions were measured, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the multipoles contributing to the two-photon transition. Quadrupole mixed-symmetry states are an excitation mode in spherical nuclei which are sensitive to the strength of the quadrupole residual interaction. A new signature for these interesting states is presented which allows identification of mixed-symmetry states independently of electromagnetic transition strengths. Furthermore this signature represents a valuable additional observable to test model predictions for mixed-symmetry states.
Nuclear Physics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Photons --- Radioactive decay. --- Nuclear isomers. --- Scattering. --- Isomerism (Nuclear physics) --- Isomers, Nuclear --- Isomers (Nuclear physics) --- Decay, Radioactive --- Radioactive disintegration --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclides --- Half-life (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Radioactivity --- Scattering (Physics) --- Nuclear physics. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Heavy ions. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Ions --- Mathematics
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Shrader-Frechette looks at current U.S. government policy regarding the nation's high-level radioactive waste both scientifically and ethically. What should be done with our nation's high-level radioactive waste, which will remain hazardous for thousands of years? This is one of the most pressing problems faced by the nuclear power industry, and current U.S. government policy is to bury "radwastes" in specially designed deep repositories. K. S. Shrader-Frechette argues that this policy is profoundly misguided on both scientific and ethical grounds. Scientifically-because we cannot trust the precision of 10,000-year predictions that promise containment of the waste. Ethically-because geological disposal ignores the rights of present and future generations to equal treatment, due process, and free informed consent. Shrader-Frechette focuses her argument on the world's first proposed high-level radioactive waste facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Analyzing a mass of technical literature, she demonstrates the weaknesses in the professional risk-assessors' arguments that claim the site is sufficiently safe for such a plan. We should postpone the question of geological disposal for at least a century and use monitored, retrievable, above-ground storage of the waste until then. Her message regarding radwaste is clear: what you can't see can hurt you.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ground-- Environmental aspects. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental aspects --- Risk assessment --- Environmental aspects. --- Risk assessment. --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Déchets radioactifs --- Elimination dans le sol --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Evaluation du risque --- Radioactive waste disposal --- american history. --- consent. --- due process. --- ethics. --- geology. --- government. --- half life. --- health and safety. --- legal issues. --- liability. --- morals. --- natural history. --- natural world. --- nevada. --- nuclear power. --- nuclear waste. --- political. --- politics. --- pollution. --- public health. --- radioactive waste. --- radwaste. --- respiratory illness. --- science. --- scientific. --- united states history. --- us government. --- us history. --- yucca mountain.
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Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials.
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- serum half-life extension --- fatty acid conjugation --- FcRn-mediated recycling --- serum albumin --- translocator protein (TSPO) --- CoCl2 --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- cell viability --- cell death --- lung cancer cell line --- acetylcholinesterase --- amyloid beta aggregation --- neuroprotection --- molecular docking --- multi-target drug --- structure–activity relationship --- brassicasterol --- phytosterols --- HSV --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- HSV-1 DNA polymerase --- HSV-1 TK --- human CDK2 --- ACE --- UDP-galactopyranose mutase --- heat shock protein 70 --- Hsp70 --- piperine --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- molecular dynamics --- molecular biophysics --- GADD45β --- MKK7 --- multiple myeloma --- protein-ligand interaction --- STD-NMR --- sigma receptors --- sigma ligands --- cancer --- SIGMAR1 --- PGRMC1 --- TMEM97 --- NCI60 COMPARE analysis --- membrane --- lipid-protein interaction --- lipid signalling --- kinase regulation --- phosphatidylinositols --- molecular docking simulation --- target identification --- small-molecule derivatives of salicylanilide --- drug discovery --- drug development --- thyroid diseases --- endocrine disruptor compound --- human umbilical artery --- vascular homeostasis
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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- n/a
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Dear Colleagues,Supramolecular systems (calixarenes, cyclodextrins, polymers, peptides, etc.) have attracted special attention due to their excellent therapeutic properties for biomedical applications such as gene and drug delivery. Numerous biomaterials-based supramolecular systems have been developed in the last decade for enhancing of biocompatibility and pharmacological activity. In particular, supramolecular nanomaterials are considered a hot research topic, because nanomedicine has become an interesting tool for the treatment of genetic diseases or cancer. Nevertheless, novel systems and their properties are being continuously studied, contributing to the development of efficient delivery systems.This Special Issue provides and highlights current progress in the use of the supramolecular systems for boosting gene and drug delivery. Preparation, characterization, and use of these systems, as well as the latest developments in this research field, are especially welcome.Authors are encorauged to submit original research articles and reviews in this promising research field.
Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge --- phenylethylamine --- 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole (AT) --- gold nanoparticles --- carrier of therapeutic agents --- ferritin --- drug delivery --- tumor targeting --- half-life extension --- PAMAM dendrimers --- folic acid --- mRNA --- gene expression --- long acting injectables --- poly(l-lactic acid) --- poly(butylene adipate) --- block copolymers --- aripiprazole --- microparticles --- sustained release --- cationic calix[4]arenes --- liposomes --- nucleic acids --- transfection efficiency --- doxorubicin --- encapsulation --- adenine–uracil base pair --- complementary hydrogen bonded drug carrier system --- controlled drug delivery --- supramolecular nanogels --- selective cytotoxicity --- supramolecular self-assembled ribbon-like structures (SRLS) --- Congo red (CR) --- doxorubicin (Dox) --- bovine serum albumin (BSA) --- immunoglobulin light chain λ (Lλ) --- heat aggregated immunoglobulins (HAI) --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- elution volume (Ve) --- multi-walled carbon nanotube --- photothermal therapy --- indocyanine green --- synergistic strategy --- cancer treatment --- targeted drug delivery --- pillararene --- host:guest --- supramolecular --- hydrophobic --- ITC --- NMR --- magnetoliposomes --- microfluidics --- oral drug delivery --- magnetite nanoparticles --- n/a --- adenine-uracil base pair
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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.
nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- n/a
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Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials.
serum half-life extension --- fatty acid conjugation --- FcRn-mediated recycling --- serum albumin --- translocator protein (TSPO) --- CoCl2 --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- cell viability --- cell death --- lung cancer cell line --- acetylcholinesterase --- amyloid beta aggregation --- neuroprotection --- molecular docking --- multi-target drug --- structure–activity relationship --- brassicasterol --- phytosterols --- HSV --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- HSV-1 DNA polymerase --- HSV-1 TK --- human CDK2 --- ACE --- UDP-galactopyranose mutase --- heat shock protein 70 --- Hsp70 --- piperine --- fluorescence spectroscopy --- molecular dynamics --- molecular biophysics --- GADD45β --- MKK7 --- multiple myeloma --- protein-ligand interaction --- STD-NMR --- sigma receptors --- sigma ligands --- cancer --- SIGMAR1 --- PGRMC1 --- TMEM97 --- NCI60 COMPARE analysis --- membrane --- lipid-protein interaction --- lipid signalling --- kinase regulation --- phosphatidylinositols --- molecular docking simulation --- target identification --- small-molecule derivatives of salicylanilide --- drug discovery --- drug development --- thyroid diseases --- endocrine disruptor compound --- human umbilical artery --- vascular homeostasis
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Nanobodies have become outstanding tools for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in the identification and functionalization of target-specific nanobodies now make nanobody-based approaches broadly available to many researches in the field. This book provides a compilation of original research articles and comprehensive reviews covering important and up to date aspects of research on nanobodies and their applications for immunoassays, proteomics, protein crystallization and in vitro and in vivo imaging.
Bacillus anthracis --- immunoassay --- single-domain antibody --- genetic fusion --- Beta galactosidase --- P-type ATPase --- nanobody --- llama --- Zinc-transport --- Zinc-transporting P-ATPase --- ZntA --- TNF --- fluorescent --- nanobodies --- sensor --- anti-cytokine therapy --- autoimmune disease --- Western equine encephalitis virus --- MagPlex --- toxin --- antibody --- camelid --- vaccine --- biodefense --- hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry --- virus --- formatting --- Fc-domain --- half-life --- ischemia --- stroke --- MCAO --- single domain antibodies --- phage display --- intrabody --- intracellular antibody --- GTPase RHO --- BRET --- RAS --- chromobodies --- live-cell imaging --- compound screening --- cellular models --- single-domain antibody fragments --- molecular imaging --- molecular therapy --- nuclear imaging --- targeted fluorescence imaging --- intraoperative imaging --- Nanobody --- Single Domain Antibody --- Cancer --- Immunotherapy --- Imaging --- influenza --- influenza B virus --- hemagglutinin --- single domain antibody --- NanobodyTM --- yeast display --- epitope mapping --- GFP --- C. elegans --- development --- drosophila --- zebrafish --- targeted photodynamic therapy --- hepatocyte growth factor receptor --- HGFR --- c-Met --- Met --- VHH --- photosensitizer --- single-domain antibodies --- neurodegenerative diseases --- brain imaging --- blood–brain barrier --- delivery --- Aids --- HIV --- Llama Antibodies --- bi-specific VHH --- pepscan --- competition studies --- co-crystallisation --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier