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Radium and the secret of life
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ISBN: 022641874X 022623830X 9780226238302 022623827X 9780226238272 Year: 2015 Publisher: Chicago

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Before the hydrogen bomb indelibly associated radioactivity with death, many chemists, physicians, botanists, and geneticists believed that radium might hold the secret to life. Physicists and chemists early on described the wondrous new element in lifelike terms such as "decay" and "half-life," and made frequent references to the "natural selection" and "evolution" of the elements. Meanwhile, biologists of the period used radium in experiments aimed at elucidating some of the most basic phenomena of life, including metabolism and mutation. From the creation of half-living microbes in the test tube to charting the earliest histories of genetic engineering, Radium and the Secret of Life highlights previously unknown interconnections between the history of the early radioactive sciences and the sciences of heredity. Equating the transmutation of radium with the biological transmutation of living species, biologists saw in metabolism and mutation properties that reminded them of the new element. These initially provocative metaphoric links between radium and life proved remarkably productive and ultimately led to key biological insights into the origin of life, the nature of heredity, and the structure of the gene. Radium and the Secret of Life recovers a forgotten history of the connections between radioactivity and the life sciences that existed long before the dawn of molecular biology.

More than a game : the computer game as fictional form
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0719063655 0719063647 9786610734337 1847790399 1781700230 1280734337 141757805X 1847795587 9781526137548 9781280734335 661073433X 9781847790392 1526137542 9781417578054 9780719063640 9780719063657 Year: 2003 Publisher: Manchester : Manchester University Press,

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There is little doubt that computer and video games occupy a significant place in contemporary popular culture. Taking its cue from practices of reading texts in literary and cultural studies, this text considers the computer game as an emerging mode of contemporary storytelling.


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The Two-Photon Decay of the 11-/2 Isomer of 137Ba and Mixed-Symmetry States of 92,94Zr and 94Mo
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ISBN: 3319271814 3319271830 Year: 2016 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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This work focuses on new electromagnetic decay mode in nuclear physics. The first part of the thesis presents the observation of the two-photon decay for a transition where the one-photon decay is allowed. In the second part, so called quadrupole mixed-symmetry is investigated in inelastic proton scattering experiments. In 1930 Nobel-prize winner M. Goeppert-Mayer was the first to discuss the two-photon decay of an exited state in her doctoral thesis. This process has been observed many times in atomic physics. However in nuclear physics data is sparse. Here this decay mode has only been observed for the special case of a transition between nuclear states with spin and parity quantum number 0+. For such a transition, the one-photon decay – the main experimental obstacle to observe the two-photon decay – is forbidden. Furthermore, the energy sharing and angular distributions were measured, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the multipoles contributing to the two-photon transition. Quadrupole mixed-symmetry states are an excitation mode in spherical nuclei which are sensitive to the strength of the quadrupole residual interaction. A new signature for these interesting states is presented which allows identification of mixed-symmetry states independently of electromagnetic transition strengths. Furthermore this signature represents a valuable additional observable to test model predictions for mixed-symmetry states.

Burying Uncertainty : Risk and the Case Against Geological Disposal of Nuclear Waste
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ISBN: 1282354973 9786612354977 0520913965 0585299412 9780520913967 9780520082441 0520082443 0520083016 9780520083011 0520082443 9781282354975 Year: 1993 Publisher: Berkeley, CA : University of California Press,

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Shrader-Frechette looks at current U.S. government policy regarding the nation's high-level radioactive waste both scientifically and ethically. What should be done with our nation's high-level radioactive waste, which will remain hazardous for thousands of years? This is one of the most pressing problems faced by the nuclear power industry, and current U.S. government policy is to bury "radwastes" in specially designed deep repositories. K. S. Shrader-Frechette argues that this policy is profoundly misguided on both scientific and ethical grounds. Scientifically-because we cannot trust the precision of 10,000-year predictions that promise containment of the waste. Ethically-because geological disposal ignores the rights of present and future generations to equal treatment, due process, and free informed consent. Shrader-Frechette focuses her argument on the world's first proposed high-level radioactive waste facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Analyzing a mass of technical literature, she demonstrates the weaknesses in the professional risk-assessors' arguments that claim the site is sufficiently safe for such a plan. We should postpone the question of geological disposal for at least a century and use monitored, retrievable, above-ground storage of the waste until then. Her message regarding radwaste is clear: what you can't see can hurt you.


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Protein-Ligand Interactions: Target Identification and Drug Discovery
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials.


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Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystems Functions and Productivity
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.


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Supramolecular Systems for Gene and Drug Delivery
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Dear Colleagues,Supramolecular systems (calixarenes, cyclodextrins, polymers, peptides, etc.) have attracted special attention due to their excellent therapeutic properties for biomedical applications such as gene and drug delivery. Numerous biomaterials-based supramolecular systems have been developed in the last decade for enhancing of biocompatibility and pharmacological activity. In particular, supramolecular nanomaterials are considered a hot research topic, because nanomedicine has become an interesting tool for the treatment of genetic diseases or cancer. Nevertheless, novel systems and their properties are being continuously studied, contributing to the development of efficient delivery systems.This Special Issue provides and highlights current progress in the use of the supramolecular systems for boosting gene and drug delivery. Preparation, characterization, and use of these systems, as well as the latest developments in this research field, are especially welcome.Authors are encorauged to submit original research articles and reviews in this promising research field.


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Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystems Functions and Productivity
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI Books

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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.


Book
Protein-Ligand Interactions: Target Identification and Drug Discovery
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials.


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Nanobody
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Nanobodies have become outstanding tools for biomedical research, diagnostics and therapy. Recent advances in the identification and functionalization of target-specific nanobodies now make nanobody-based approaches broadly available to many researches in the field. This book provides a compilation of original research articles and comprehensive reviews covering important and up to date aspects of research on nanobodies and their applications for immunoassays, proteomics, protein crystallization and in vitro and in vivo imaging.

Keywords

Bacillus anthracis --- immunoassay --- single-domain antibody --- genetic fusion --- Beta galactosidase --- P-type ATPase --- nanobody --- llama --- Zinc-transport --- Zinc-transporting P-ATPase --- ZntA --- TNF --- fluorescent --- nanobodies --- sensor --- anti-cytokine therapy --- autoimmune disease --- Western equine encephalitis virus --- MagPlex --- toxin --- antibody --- camelid --- vaccine --- biodefense --- hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry --- virus --- formatting --- Fc-domain --- half-life --- ischemia --- stroke --- MCAO --- single domain antibodies --- phage display --- intrabody --- intracellular antibody --- GTPase RHO --- BRET --- RAS --- chromobodies --- live-cell imaging --- compound screening --- cellular models --- single-domain antibody fragments --- molecular imaging --- molecular therapy --- nuclear imaging --- targeted fluorescence imaging --- intraoperative imaging --- Nanobody --- Single Domain Antibody --- Cancer --- Immunotherapy --- Imaging --- influenza --- influenza B virus --- hemagglutinin --- single domain antibody --- NanobodyTM --- yeast display --- epitope mapping --- GFP --- C. elegans --- development --- drosophila --- zebrafish --- targeted photodynamic therapy --- hepatocyte growth factor receptor --- HGFR --- c-Met --- Met --- VHH --- photosensitizer --- single-domain antibodies --- neurodegenerative diseases --- brain imaging --- blood–brain barrier --- delivery --- Aids --- HIV --- Llama Antibodies --- bi-specific VHH --- pepscan --- competition studies --- co-crystallisation --- n/a --- blood-brain barrier

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