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In a worldwide context of ever-growing competition for water and land, climate change, droughts and man-made water scarcity, and less-participatory water governance, agriculture faces the great challenge of producing enough food for a continually increasing population. In this line, this book provides a broad overview of innovation issues in the complex water–agriculture–food nexus, thus also relative to their interconnections and dependences. Issues refer to different spatial scales, from the field or the farm to the irrigation system or the river basin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used when analyzing the relationships between water, agriculture, and food security. The covered issues are quite diverse and include: innovation in crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficients and modeling; updates in research relative to crop water use and saving; irrigation scheduling and systems design; simulation models to support water and agricultural decisions; issues to cope with water scarcity and climate change; advances in water resource quality and sustainable uses; new tools for mapping and use of remote sensing information; and fostering a participative and inclusive governance of water for food security and population welfare. This book brings together a variety of contributions by leading international experts, professionals, and scholars in those diverse fields. It represents a major synthesis and state-of-the-art on various subjects, thus providing a valuable and updated resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers, and post-graduate students interested in the complex world of the water–agriculture–food nexus.

hysteresis loops --- irrigation systems design --- fuzzy cognitive maps --- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) --- olive orchard --- Kcb from ground cover --- crop growth --- surface water pollution --- crop water use and evapotranspiration --- measures --- water–energy–food nexus --- water-agriculture-food nexus --- drought classes --- soil temperature --- pressures --- crop water requirements --- Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) --- validation --- latent heat flux --- log-linear modeling --- impact --- Row crops --- dried on the vine --- reform --- Tagus River Basin --- precise land levelling --- regulated deficit irrigation --- Transfer --- relative pressure exceedance --- irrigation district --- evaporation --- Irrigation --- perturbation --- aridity effects --- economic and environmental issues --- water users’ organization --- pressurized irrigation systems --- decision support systems (DSS) --- Pampa biome --- crop yield --- reference evapotranspiration --- DPSIR --- SIMDualKc model --- semi-arid region --- wheat --- calibration --- design of irrigation systems --- Density coefficient --- simulation models --- biomass --- crop transpiration --- groundwater --- direct forcing --- Spain --- satellite observations --- maize yield --- water and salt balance --- soil water balance --- spatial variability --- persistence --- supply–demand balance model --- sustained deficit irrigation --- leaf area index --- evapotranspiration --- eddy covariance --- dry drainage system --- droughts --- Participatory Irrigation Management --- Black soil --- surface irrigation modelling --- drip and basin irrigation --- remote sensing --- crop coefficient curves --- irrigation scheduling --- unsteady flow --- root growth --- North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) --- Sensitive Zones --- soil evaporation --- actual evapotranspiration --- agricultural intensification --- organizational analysis --- policies --- water and land management --- agriculture --- hydrant risk indicator --- evaporative fraction --- local advection --- Fiesta grapes --- Evapotranspiration --- Dual crop coefficients --- Vulnerable Zones --- salinity --- cut-off time --- soil moisture --- irrigation water governance --- nitrogen --- Andalusia --- Corn --- basal crop coefficients --- water balance --- participatory management --- beneficial water use --- soil nutrient --- water users association --- deficit irrigation --- stakeholder engagement --- new technologies --- smartphone application --- drip irrigation --- Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. --- inflow rates --- policy-making --- soil water storage depletion --- on-demand operation

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This book is a collection of all papers published in the Special Issue “Coastal Vulnerability and Mitigation Strategies: From Monitoring to Applied Research”. The main focus is to provide the state-of-the-art and recent research updates on sustainable management strategies for protecting vulnerable coastal areas. Based on 28 contributions from authors representing 17 different countries (Australia, China, Ecuador, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, UK, USA), an ensemble of interdisciplinary articles has been collected, emphasizing the importance of tackling technical and scientific problems at different scales and from different point of views.

Research & information: general --- brackish lagoon types --- benthic macrophytes --- salinity --- succession --- univariate variables --- Greece --- spectral analysis --- low frequency --- wave grouping --- eigen analysis --- eigenmode --- random waves --- combination waves --- wave extreme events --- Mediterranean Sea --- North Atlantic Spanish coasts --- Gulf of Mexico --- wave modeling --- small scale storm variations --- tsunami-like solitary waves --- horizontal cylinders --- hydrodynamic loads --- experimental tests --- Morison and transverse equations --- hydrodynamic coefficients --- climate change --- multiobjective optimization --- coastal region --- pumping plant --- flooding --- historical cartography --- shore protection structures history --- groins --- gently sloping revetment --- earthquake --- tsunami --- strategic retreat --- salinity intrusion --- MIKE modelling --- sea level rise --- Mekong Delta --- drag coefficients --- oscillatory flows --- force sensors --- synchronization --- automatic alignment --- coastal plan --- erosion, coastal flooding --- sediment budget --- mitigation strategies guidelines --- littoral cell --- wave hindcasting --- Abu Dhabi --- shallow waters --- Shore Protection Manual --- wave climate --- coastal defense --- risk maps --- non-engineering measure --- coastal vulnerability --- eco-defense --- coastal morphodynamics --- mangroves --- flood attenuation --- natural defense --- beach nourishment --- beach drainage system --- groundwater --- submerged breakwater --- cross-shore sediment transport --- coastal vulnerability index --- storm surges --- waves action --- Mediterranean coasts --- extreme events --- threshold values --- probability --- hydrometeorological conditions --- Baltic coast --- climate changes --- sea-level rise --- TELEMAC --- natural beach --- flooded area --- seaside impacts --- Mar Menor --- long-term GIS analysis --- marine infrastructures impact --- coastal urbanization impact --- coastal erosion --- shore protection --- coastal armouring --- 3S tourism --- beach economy --- aeolian processes --- onshore and offshore winds --- Southern Baltic coast --- beach resilience --- beach resistance --- temporary groin --- sea breezes --- resilience index --- GSb model --- Yucatan peninsula --- BERM-N --- sand nourishments --- Bayesian belief network --- JarKus data --- coastal state indicators --- dune foot --- momentary coastline --- Holland coast --- vegetation stiffness --- bending elastic modulus --- velocity distribution --- turbulence intensity --- wave dissipation --- marine inundation --- FORM --- reliability analysis --- Veneto coast --- natural hazards --- disasters --- coastal Andhra Pradesh --- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles --- energy flux --- storm classification --- stormy year --- Andalusia coast --- beach morphodynamics --- UAV flights --- beach surveys --- Reef Balls™ --- sand-filled geosystems --- wave numerical model --- directional wave spectra drifter (DWSD) --- ADCP --- GPS wave buoy --- triple collocation --- Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay --- arsenic --- hydrocarbons --- heavy metals contamination --- marine pollution --- multivariate analysis --- Bagnoli --- Naples --- coastal monitoring --- coastal morphodynamic --- coastal management --- coastal ecosystem