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Information technology --- Cloud computing --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Information warfare --- Telecommunication --- Computer networks --- S10/0835 --- S10/0700 --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Military art and science --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Web services --- Government policy --- Management --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Postal service and telecommunications: since 1949 (including E-commerce) --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--International economic relations (incl. development aid and problems, WTO) --- Distributed processing

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This book collects selected high-quality papers published in 2018–2020 to inaugurate the “Natural Hazards” Section of the Geosciences journal. The topics encompass: trends in publications at international level in the field of natural hazards research; the role of Big Data in natural disaster management; assessment of seismic risk through the understanding and quantification of its different components; climatic/hydro-meteorological hazards; and finally, the scientific analysis and disaster forensics of recent natural hazard events. The target audience includes not only specialists, but also graduate students who wish to approach the challenging, but also fascinating

Research & information: general --- big data --- disaster management --- review --- natural hazards --- disaster --- scientometrics --- bibliometrics --- citation analysis --- NatCatSERVICE --- Sigma Explorer --- Oroville Dam --- spillway --- incident --- flood control --- flood-frequency analysis --- dam operation --- drought --- impacts --- exposure --- vulnerability --- risk --- policy --- risk assessment --- earthquake risk --- energy security --- reliability of power supply --- Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) --- integration process --- common electricity market --- masonry aggregates --- vulnerability assessment --- vulnerability curves --- damage scenarios --- local hazard effect --- psychological representation of earthquakes --- open-ended and closed-questions surveys --- children --- seismic hazard assessment --- emotions --- emotional prevention --- African easterly wave --- attractor coexistence --- chaos --- hurricane --- limit cycle --- Lorenz model --- predictability --- recurrence --- extended range weather prediction --- Jakarta basin --- site effects --- shear-wave velocity --- urban fabrics --- seismic vulnerability --- critic analysis --- cost modelling --- urban preservation programming --- building works programming --- natural hazard --- earthquake --- dam spillway --- psychology --- cyber-infrastructure --- big data --- disaster management --- review --- natural hazards --- disaster --- scientometrics --- bibliometrics --- citation analysis --- NatCatSERVICE --- Sigma Explorer --- Oroville Dam --- spillway --- incident --- flood control --- flood-frequency analysis --- dam operation --- drought --- impacts --- exposure --- vulnerability --- risk --- policy --- risk assessment --- earthquake risk --- energy security --- reliability of power supply --- Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) --- integration process --- common electricity market --- masonry aggregates --- vulnerability assessment --- vulnerability curves --- damage scenarios --- local hazard effect --- psychological representation of earthquakes --- open-ended and closed-questions surveys --- children --- seismic hazard assessment --- emotions --- emotional prevention --- African easterly wave --- attractor coexistence --- chaos --- hurricane --- limit cycle --- Lorenz model --- predictability --- recurrence --- extended range weather prediction --- Jakarta basin --- site effects --- shear-wave velocity --- urban fabrics --- seismic vulnerability --- critic analysis --- cost modelling --- urban preservation programming --- building works programming --- natural hazard --- earthquake --- dam spillway --- psychology --- cyber-infrastructure

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries, AFRICOMM 2012, held in Yaounde, Cameroon, in November 2012. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the field of information and communication infrastructures and are grouped in topical sections on: e-Infrastructure, e-Services, e-Society, e-Health, and e-Security.

Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Computers and civilization. --- Computer Science. --- Computers and Society. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Computer networks --- Information technology --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Wireless communication systems --- Communication systems, Wireless --- Wireless data communication systems --- Wireless information networks --- Wireless telecommunication systems --- Telecommunication systems --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Network computers --- Distributed processing --- Informatics --- Science --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization

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In Knowledge Machines, Eric Meyer and Ralph Schroeder argue that digital technologies have fundamentally changed research practices in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Meyer and Schroeder show that digital tools and data, used collectively and in distributed mode -- which they term e-research -- have transformed not just the consumption of knowledge but also the production of knowledge. Digital technologies for research are reshaping how knowledge advances in disciplines that range from physics to literary analysis. Meyer and Schroeder map the rise of digital research and offer case studies from many fields, including biomedicine, social science uses of the Web, astronomy, and large-scale textual analysis in the humanities. They consider such topics as the challenges of sharing research data and of big data approaches, disciplinary differences and new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration, the shifting boundaries between researchers and their publics, and the ways that digital tools promote openness in science.This book considers the transformations of research from a number of perspectives, drawing especially on the sociology of science and technology and social informatics. It shows that the use of digital tools and data is not just a technical issue; it affects research practices, collaboration models, publishing choices, and even the kinds of research and research questions scholars choose to pursue. Knowledge Machines examines the nature and implications of these transformations for scholarly research.

Research --- Cyberinfrastructure. --- Interdisciplinary research. --- Open access publishing. --- Internet research. --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Data processing. --- Technological innovations. --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Interdisciplinary research --- Open access publishing --- Internet research --- Data processing --- Technological innovations --- Science --- History as a science --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- Electronic data processing in research --- Open access to research --- Research, Open access to --- Electronic publishing --- IDR (Research) --- Research, Interdisciplinary --- Transdisciplinary research --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Information technology --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Distributed processing --- Research - Data processing --- Research - Technological innovations --- Communication in learning and scholarship - Technological innovations --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- Web research

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This book focuses on the vulnerabilities of state and local services to cyber-threats and suggests possible protective action that might be taken against such threats. Cyber-threats to U.S. critical infrastructure are of growing concern to policymakers, managers and consumers. Information and communications technology (ICT) is ubiquitous and many ICT devices and other components are interdependent; therefore, disruption of one component may have a negative, cascading effect on others. Cyber-attacks might include denial of service, theft or manipulation of data. Damage to critical infrastructure through a cyber-based attack could have a significant impact on the national security, the economy, and the livelihood and safety of many individual citizens. Traditionally cyber security has generally been viewed as being focused on higher level threats such as those against the internet or the Federal government. Little attention has been paid to cyber-security at the state and local level. However, these governmental units play a critical role in providing services to local residents and consequently are highly vulnerable to cyber-threats. The failure of these services, such as waste water collection and water supply, transportation, public safety, utility services, and communication services, would pose a great threat to the public. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, this volume is intended for state and local government officials and managers, state and Federal officials, academics, and public policy specialists.

Cyberinfrastructure --- Security measures. --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Information technology --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Distributed processing --- Political science. --- Environmental pollution. --- Political Science. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Transportation. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Environmental aspects --- Water pollution. --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Economic aspects