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A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org.The Emergence of Modern Hinduism argues for the importance of regional, vernacular innovation in processes of Hindu modernization. Scholars usually trace the emergence of modern Hinduism to cosmopolitan reform movements, producing accounts that overemphasize the centrality of elite religion and the influence of Western ideas and models. In this study, the author considers religious change on the margins of colonialism by looking at an important local figure, the Tamil Shaiva poet and mystic Ramalinga Swami (1823-1874). Weiss narrates a history of Hindu modernization that demonstrates the transformative role of Hindu ideas, models, and institutions, making this text essential for scholarly audiences of South Asian history, religious studies, Hindu studies, and South Asian studies.

History --- Asian history --- Religion: general --- Hinduism --- Ramalinga, Swami, --- Influence. --- Religions --- Brahmanism --- centrality of elite religion. --- cosmopolitan reform movements. --- hindu modernization. --- hindu studies. --- hinduism. --- history of hindu modernization. --- important local figure. --- influence of western ideas and models. --- margin of colonialism. --- ramalinga swami. --- religious change. --- religious studies. --- south asian history. --- south asian studies. --- tamil shaiva poet and mystic.

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"The emergence of a literature in any language is an improbable and complex historical achievement. In fact, many known languages throughout history did not develop writing, let alone a literature. This book, a collectively written early history of different literary traditions across the globe and through time, presents a global, comparative account of literary origins spanning the Mediterranean, Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Seventeen chapters, each written by a scholar with expertise in a particular language and literature, trace the creation of writing and its interaction with oral practices, the rise of print circulation, the passage from sacred to secular writing and reading practices, the use of cultural models, the role of translation, and related issues as they apply to the emergence of literature. The contributions explore the historical context as well as the practices, technologies, and institutions that encouraged the emergence of distinct literatures, from classical Chinese and the resultant establishment of Japanese and Korean traditions, to the advent of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and other literatures of the Mediterranean; the birth of European vernaculars against the cosmopolitan backdrop of post-classical Latin; and the later development of African American and Latin American literatures under conditions of colonial expansion and racial oppression. The volume is designed to enable readers to better understand the similarities as well as the differences in the origins of major and enduring literatures across time"

Literature --- History and criticism --- Appraisal of books --- Books --- Evaluation of literature --- Criticism --- Literary style --- Appraisal --- Evaluation --- History and criticism. --- Apocrypha. --- Auerbach. --- Bible. --- Chanson de Roland. --- Dead Sea Scrolls. --- Koran. --- Pseudepigrapha. --- Sanskrit. --- Vico. --- cosmopolitan. --- cosmopolitanism. --- cosmopolitcan. --- criticism. --- cultural difference. --- cultural identity. --- development of writing. --- elite. --- fiction. --- globalism. --- national. --- nationalism. --- oral tradition. --- orality. --- philology. --- poetry. --- religion. --- sacred. --- script. --- secular. --- untranslatability. --- vernacular. --- written languages.

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From Christian missionary publications to the media strategies employed by today’s NGOs, this interdisciplinary collection explores the entangled histories of humanitarianism and media. It traces the emergence of humanitarian imagery in the West and investigates how the meanings of suffering and aid have been constructed in a period of evolving mass communication, demonstrating the extent to which many seemingly new phenomena in fact have long historical legacies. Ultimately, the critical histories collected here help to challenge existing asymmetries and help those who advocate a new cosmopolitan consciousness recognizing the dignity and rights of others.

Humanitarianism. --- Mass media. --- archives. --- christian missionaries. --- cosmopolitan consciousness. --- critical histories. --- entangled histories. --- existing asymmetries. --- historical legacies. --- human rights law. --- human rights. --- human suffering. --- humanitarian aid. --- humanitarian imagery. --- humanitarian. --- interdisciplinary collection. --- mass communication. --- media history. --- media manipulation. --- media studies. --- political. --- postcolonialism. --- realistic. --- religious conversion. --- religious zealot. --- spanish civil war. --- western media.

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Foucault lived in Tunisia for two years and travelled to Japan and Iran more than once. Yet throughout his critical scholarship, he insisted that the cultures of the “Orient” constitute the “limit” of Western rationality. Using archival research supplemented by interviews with key scholars in Tunisia, Japan and France, this book examines the philosophical sources, evolution as well as contradictions of Foucault’s experience with non-Western cultures.  Beyond tracing Foucault’s journey into the world of otherness, the book reveals the personal, political as well as methodological effects of a radical conception of cultural difference that extolled the local over the cosmopolitan.

East and West. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Foucault, Michel, --- archival research. --- contradictions. --- cosmopolitan. --- critical scholarship. --- cultural difference. --- cultures of the orient. --- evolution. --- france. --- iran. --- japan. --- key scholars. --- methodological effects. --- non western cultures. --- personal. --- philosophical sources. --- political. --- radical conception. --- the orient. --- tunisia. --- western rationality. --- world of otherness.

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Foucault lived in Tunisia for two years and travelled to Japan and Iran more than once. Yet throughout his critical scholarship, he insisted that the cultures of the “Orient” constitute the “limit” of Western rationality. Using archival research supplemented by interviews with key scholars in Tunisia, Japan and France, this book examines the philosophical sources, evolution as well as contradictions of Foucault’s experience with non-Western cultures.  Beyond tracing Foucault’s journey into the world of otherness, the book reveals the personal, political as well as methodological effects of a radical conception of cultural difference that extolled the local over the cosmopolitan.

East and West. --- Orientbild. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Philosophische Anthropologie. --- Foucault, Michel, --- Japan. --- Tunisie. --- archival research. --- contradictions. --- cosmopolitan. --- critical scholarship. --- cultural difference. --- cultures of the orient. --- evolution. --- france. --- iran. --- japan. --- key scholars. --- methodological effects. --- non western cultures. --- personal. --- philosophical sources. --- political. --- radical conception. --- the orient. --- tunisia. --- western rationality. --- world of otherness.