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This book includes a selection of papers showing the potential of the dynamic modelling approach to treat problems related to the musculoskeletal system. The state-of-the-art is presented in a review article and in a perspective paper, and several examples of application in different clinical problems are provided.

Information technology industries --- musculoskeletal model --- pregnancy --- motion analysis --- muscle load evaluation --- low back pain --- deglutition --- muscle activity --- simulation --- swallowing biomechanics --- musculoskeletal modelling --- musculoskeletal simulations --- clinical research --- rehabilitation --- biomechanics --- rectus femoris --- foot kinematics --- knee kinematics --- normal gait --- gait cycle --- forward modeling --- musculoskeletal modeling --- neuromusculoskeletal model --- computational model --- model personalization --- treatment optimization --- treatment design --- predictive simulation --- human movement --- total hip replacement --- hip dysplasia --- hip abductor muscles --- gait analysis --- knee joint ligaments --- walking --- dynamic simulation --- knee joint biomechanics --- polyethylene thickness --- total knee arthroplasty --- ligament forces --- compressive forces --- patellar kinematics --- musculoskeletal model --- pregnancy --- motion analysis --- muscle load evaluation --- low back pain --- deglutition --- muscle activity --- simulation --- swallowing biomechanics --- musculoskeletal modelling --- musculoskeletal simulations --- clinical research --- rehabilitation --- biomechanics --- rectus femoris --- foot kinematics --- knee kinematics --- normal gait --- gait cycle --- forward modeling --- musculoskeletal modeling --- neuromusculoskeletal model --- computational model --- model personalization --- treatment optimization --- treatment design --- predictive simulation --- human movement --- total hip replacement --- hip dysplasia --- hip abductor muscles --- gait analysis --- knee joint ligaments --- walking --- dynamic simulation --- knee joint biomechanics --- polyethylene thickness --- total knee arthroplasty --- ligament forces --- compressive forces --- patellar kinematics

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Most theories of elections assume that voters and political actors are fully rational. While these formulations produce many insights, they also generate anomalies--most famously, about turnout. The rise of behavioral economics has posed new challenges to the premise of rationality. This groundbreaking book provides a behavioral theory of elections based on the notion that all actors--politicians as well as voters--are only boundedly rational. The theory posits learning via trial and error: actions that surpass an actor's aspiration level are more likely to be used in the future, while those that fall short are less likely to be tried later. Based on this idea of adaptation, the authors construct formal models of party competition, turnout, and voters' choices of candidates. These models predict substantial turnout levels, voters sorting into parties, and winning parties adopting centrist platforms. In multiparty elections, voters are able to coordinate vote choices on majority-preferred candidates, while all candidates garner significant vote shares. Overall, the behavioral theory and its models produce macroimplications consistent with the data on elections, and they use plausible microassumptions about the cognitive capacities of politicians and voters. A computational model accompanies the book and can be used as a tool for further research.

Elections. --- Voting --- Behaviorism (Political science) --- Behavioralism (Political science) --- Behaviouralism (Political science) --- Behaviourism (Political science) --- Political psychology --- Polls --- Elections --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Political science --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Psychological aspects. --- Political systems --- Social psychology --- Condorcet winner. --- Downsian party competition. --- Duverger's Law. --- Markov chain. --- Pareto dominance. --- adaptation. --- aspiration-based adaptation. --- aspiration-based adaptive rule. --- aspiration-based adjustment. --- aspirations. --- bandwagon effect. --- behavior. --- behavioral theory. --- bounded rationality. --- candidates. --- computational model. --- decision making. --- election voting. --- elections. --- equilibrium behavior. --- faction size. --- framing. --- game-theoretic model. --- hedonics. --- heuristics. --- incumbent. --- majority faction. --- multiparty elections. --- parties. --- party affiliation. --- party competition. --- payoffs. --- platforms. --- political parties. --- politicians. --- population size. --- propensity. --- rational choice theory. --- rational choice. --- rationality. --- retrospective voting. --- satisficing. --- search behavior. --- stochastic process. --- turnout. --- two-party elections. --- voter choice. --- voter coordination. --- voter participation. --- voter turnout. --- voters. --- Balloting

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This book provides a short, hands-on introduction to the science of complexity using simple computational models of natural complex systems-with models and exercises drawn from physics, chemistry, geology, and biology. By working through the models and engaging in additional computational explorations suggested at the end of each chapter, readers very quickly develop an understanding of how complex structures and behaviors can emerge in natural phenomena as diverse as avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, chemical reactions, animal flocks, and epidemic diseases.Natural Complexity provides the necessary topical background, complete source codes in Python, and detailed explanations for all computational models. Ideal for undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and researchers in the physical and natural sciences, this unique handbook requires no advanced mathematical knowledge or programming skills and is suitable for self-learners with a working knowledge of precalculus and high-school physics.Self-contained and accessible, Natural Complexity enables readers to identify and quantify common underlying structural and dynamical patterns shared by the various systems and phenomena it examines, so that they can form their own answers to the questions of what natural complexity is and how it arises.

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Physics --- Computational complexity. --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Methodology. --- Burridge-Knopoff stick-slip model. --- Gutenberg-Richter law. --- Johannes Kepler. --- Olami-Feder-Christensen model. --- Python code. --- accretion. --- active flockers. --- agents. --- automobile traffic. --- avalanches. --- cells. --- cellular automata. --- chaos. --- clusters. --- complex behavior. --- complex structure. --- complex system. --- complexity. --- computational model. --- computer program. --- contagious diseases. --- criticality. --- diffusion-limited aggregation. --- earthquake forecasting. --- earthquakes. --- emergence. --- emergent behavior. --- emergent structure. --- epidemic spread. --- epidemic surges. --- excitable system. --- flocking. --- forest fires. --- fractal clusters. --- fractal geometry. --- growth. --- hodgepodge machine. --- infection rate. --- iterated growth. --- lattice. --- lichens. --- natural complex system. --- natural complexity. --- natural order. --- natural phenomena. --- nature. --- open dissipative system. --- panic. --- passive flockers. --- pattern formation. --- percolation threshold. --- percolation. --- phase transition. --- planetary motion. --- power-law. --- random walk. --- randomness. --- repulsion. --- rule-based growth. --- sandpile. --- scale invariance. --- segregation. --- self-organization. --- self-organized criticality. --- self-propulsion. --- self-similarity. --- simple rules. --- small-world network. --- solar flares. --- spaghetti. --- spatiotemporal pattern. --- spiral. --- tagging algorithm. --- traffic jams. --- waves. --- wildfire management.

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Modern engineering design processes are driven by the extensive use of numerical simulations; naval architecture and ocean engineering are no exception. Computational power has been improved over the last few decades; therefore, the integration of different tools such as CAD, FEM, CFD, and CAM has enabled complex modeling and manufacturing problems to be solved in a more feasible way. Classical naval design methodology can take advantage of this integration, giving rise to more robust designs in terms of shape, structural and hydrodynamic performances, and the manufacturing process.This Special Issue invites researchers and engineers from both academia and the industry to publish the latest progress in design and manufacturing techniques in marine engineering and to debate the current issues and future perspectives in this research area. Suitable topics for this issue include, but are not limited to, the following:CAD-based approaches for designing the hull and appendages of sailing and engine-powered boats and comparisons with traditional techniques;Finite element method applications to predict the structural performance of the whole boat or of a portion of it, with particular attention to the modeling of the material used;Embedded measurement systems for structural health monitoring;Determination of hydrodynamic efficiency using experimental, numerical, or semi-empiric methods for displacement and planning hulls;Topology optimization techniques to overcome traditional scantling criteria based on international standards;Applications of additive manufacturing to derive innovative shapes for internal reinforcements or sandwich hull structures.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- wave compensation platform --- 3-SPR parallel platform --- 3-RPS parallel platform --- structure optimization --- workspace analysis --- level 4 sea state --- cryogenic tank --- boil-off gas (BOG) --- boil-off rate (BOR) --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- liquid nitrogen --- near-bottom zooplankton --- multi-net --- visible sampling --- fidelity --- deep sea --- sailing yacht design --- rational Bézier curves --- VBA --- excel --- CAD --- VPP --- computational fluid dynamics --- hull design --- air cavity ships --- hull ventilation --- stepped planing hull --- Cartesian adaptive grids --- immersed boundaries --- LES simulation --- velocity prediction program --- numerical optimization --- High-Fidelity analysis --- geometric parameterization --- multihull design --- finite element method --- FSI --- sail design --- gennaker --- sail loads --- biomimetic design --- lightweight structure --- computer fluid dynamics --- design for additive manufacturing --- autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) --- collision avoidance planning --- deep reinforcement learning (DRL) --- double-DQN (D-DQN) --- computational model --- oscillating water column --- wave energy converter --- turbulent flows --- Savonius turbine --- n/a --- rational Bézier curves

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This book covers a wide range of topics in the orthopaedic fields and can be used as a textbook for the final undergraduate engineering course or as a topic on tribology at the postgraduate level. This book can serve as a useful reference for academics, tribology, and materials researchers; mechanical, materials, and physics engineers; biomedical scientists and professionals in tribology; and related industries. The scientific interest in this book will be evident for many important centres of research, including laboratories and universities throughout the world.

vitamin-E stabilized PE --- cross-linked PE --- standard PE --- hip simulator --- FTIR analysis --- Ti-28Nb-35.4 alloy --- powder metallurgy --- ball milling --- mechanical properties --- biocompatibility --- total hip arthroplasty --- musculoskeletal multibody model --- dynamic loading --- finite element analysis --- radial clearance --- dry and wet friction --- digital image correlation --- homogeneous strain --- small deformation level --- accuracy --- precision --- calcium phosphate cements --- polarization --- CoCr alloy --- wear particles --- hyaluronic acid --- macrophages biocompatibility --- UHMWPE --- tribology --- h-index --- bibliometric indicators --- biomaterials --- quality of research --- citations --- ceramic --- friction --- hip --- implants --- polyethylene --- prosthesis --- simulator --- wear --- mandible condylar fractures --- surgical treatment --- titanium --- PLLA --- Selective Laser Melting --- Direct Metal Laser Sintering --- porosity --- titanium alloys --- yield strength --- ultimate tensile strength --- X-Ray Diffraction --- n/a --- computational model --- biomechanics --- unicompartmental knee replacement --- CFR-PEEK --- varus and valgus alignments --- bioceramics --- additive manufacturing --- scaffolds --- bone tissue engineering