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Chronic pain is a part of the human condition, despite immense advancements in pain treatment and management. In many societies, easy access to opioids has created a drug abuse crisis. Unfortunately, we seem to have forgotten many techniques that have been used in the past with great success. Some of these techniques continue to be useful, particularly in areas of the globe where resources are limited. This book attempts to remind those of us in the medical profession about the existence of some of these techniques and their ongoing utility. We need to master them or keep them in our armamentarium for the good of our patients.

Chronic pain.

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Chronic diseases.

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Tonga has experienced a high burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the past two decades. Data indicate the continuing rise of four major NCDs -cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer,and respiratory diseases - as the leading causes of premature death and disability. According to latest data, NCDs accounted for four out of five leading causes of mortality in Tonga, and 99.9 percent of Tongan adults aged 25-64 are at moderate to high risk of developing an NCD. The increase in behavioral-related risk factors such as smoking, poor diet (e.g. high in sugar, salt, trans-fat and saturated fat, and low in fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish et cetera), harmful alcohol intake, and physical inactivity are acknowledged as the major contributing factors to the rise in NCDs in Tonga. According to its 2012 STEPS Survey, Tonga has one of the highest rates of overweight and obesity.

Chronic diseases.

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Chronic diseases

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Chronic pain