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Cancer has been a patient-specific and difficult-to-treat disease for decades, resulting in more deaths since 1900 than all other diseases except cardiovascular diseases. As societies around the world continue to shift towards an aging population, the social and economic burden created by cancer will only rise in the coming decades, necessitating continued improvement in our cancer therapies. Remarkably, in the late 1800s, bone surgeon William Coley serendipitously discovered that bacteria could be administered to patients as an effective (and sometimes toxic) form of cancer therapy known as "Coley's Toxins". His discoveries unknowingly led to two fields of cancer therapy that have been in development for decades and are now leading to significant improvements in therapy for cancer patients: immune-based and toxin-based therapies for cancer. Articles included here discuss the discoveries that emerged from Coley's Toxins that enable us to harness the immune system and microbial toxins to combat cancers, as oncology shifts from a field dominated by chemotherapy for most of the 20th century to biologic therapies that will dominate the 21st century.
immunotoxin --- ribotoxin --- α-sarcin --- RNase T1 --- furin --- intracellular trafficking --- colorectal cancer --- botulinum toxin --- botulinum neurotoxin --- cancer --- cancer cells --- neuropathic pain --- post-surgical pain --- parotid gland --- submaxillary gland --- gustatory hyperhidrosis --- sialocele --- parotid fistula --- immunotherapy --- vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- adoptive cell therapy --- cytokine therapy --- Coley’s Toxins --- glioblastoma --- drug discovery --- cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 --- protein purification --- recombinant protein production --- shiga toxins --- Gb3/CD77 --- apoptosis --- ER stress --- autophagy --- Burkitt lymphoma --- n/a --- Coley's Toxins
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This book collects 25 scientific articles from laboratories around the world, all of which use botulinum neurotoxins as the main protagonists of their studies. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in medicine, following its ability to inhibit the effects of various disorders of different etiology on the human organism, constitutes the main topic of each article presented here. This book, which is aimed at both students and medical professionals, attempts to summarize current knowledge about the use of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent in many diseases, ranging from spasticity to tremor, form motor dysfunction after stroke to neuropathic pain, from hyperactive muscle to migraine, and so on. Thanks to its simplified writing, accessible to an audience who may not be familiar with the mysteries of science, readers will get new insights into this biological toxin and its multiple applications, not simply relegated to its historical use to correct of face wrinkles. Both review and research articles are presented, not only concerning animal studies, but also clinical reports. This book will provide an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art of the possible development of novel applications of botulinum neurotoxins for future therapeutic purposes.
botulinum toxin --- limb tremors --- muscle selection --- biological effect --- various cell types --- neurotransmitter --- dermatology --- novel indication --- botulinum neurotoxin --- masticatory system --- maxillofacial bone --- dental occlusion --- orthognathic surgery --- sialorrhoea --- drooling --- salivary glands --- swallowing --- eccrine glands --- onabotulinumtoxin A --- incobotulinumtoxin A --- botulinum neurotoxins --- botulinum neurotoxin serotype A --- heavy chain --- botulinum neurotoxin serotype a heavy chain (BoNT/A HC) --- spinal cord injury (SCI) --- nerve regeneration --- growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) --- superior cervical ganglion 10 (SCG10) --- neuronal processes --- neural regeneration --- Schwann cells --- glia --- spinal cord --- immunohistochemistry --- allodynia --- weight bearing --- sciatic static index --- walking track analysis --- itch --- SNARE --- VAMP --- mast cells --- compound 48/80 --- chloroquine --- spasticity --- botulinum toxin type A --- appropriate treatment --- Therapeutic Index --- pruritus --- antipruritic --- clinical --- experimental --- BoNT/A --- astroglia --- interleukins --- microglia --- TLR2 --- TLR4 --- Snap-23 --- pain --- cerebral palsy --- botulinum toxin A --- complex regional pain syndrome --- lumbar sympathetic ganglion block --- chronic pelvic pain --- overactive detrusor --- vaginism --- temporomandibular joint dislocation --- lateral pterygoid muscle --- botulinum toxin therapy --- synaptic transmission --- SNAP-25 --- epilepsy --- Parkinson’s disease --- neurotransmission blockade --- electrical activity --- prion disease --- new indications --- formulation --- delivery --- refractory chronic migraine --- tension headache --- medication overuse headache --- prophylactic treatment --- XEOMIN® --- BTX --- central neuropathic pain --- spinal cord injury --- post-stroke shoulder pain --- mouse test --- Clostridium tetani --- botulinum antitoxin --- food safety --- abobotulinumtoxinA --- upper limb spasticity --- post-stroke --- early use --- ONTIME --- clinical trial --- human --- urodynamics --- botulinum neurotoxin-A --- basal ganglia --- interspecies differences in motor behavior --- mouse --- rat --- interneurons --- hand tremor --- treatment --- electromyography --- kinematics --- essential tremor --- dystonic tremor --- tremor --- movement disorders --- Botulinum toxin --- upper limb biomechanics --- joint biomechanics --- diagnostic guidance --- clinical decision support --- spastic paresis --- electrical stimulation --- stroke management --- rehabilitation --- hand --- n/a --- Parkinson's disease
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Currently, there are tremendous advances being made in understanding the basic science of both the structure and function of botulinum neurotoxins. This knowledge is opening up opportunities in regard to both therapeutic uses and treatment and protection options for civil and bio-defense applications. This volume fully evaluates the status of neurotoxin research and exploitation. The book is a multi-authored collection of chapters written by the leading authorities responsible for the current scientific and clinical research that is advancing the understanding and exploitation of the neurotoxins, and is both up to date and authoritative.
Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biophysics --- Botulinum toxin. --- Botulinum toxin --- Molecular aspects. --- Research. --- Botox (Trademark) --- Botulin --- Botulinismus toxin --- Botulinum neurotoxin --- Botulinus toxin --- Clostridium botulinum toxin --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Pharmacology. --- Neurology. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Bacterial toxins --- Neurotoxic agents --- Toxicology. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Diseases --- Toxicology --- Health Workforce --- Neurology . --- Biomedicine, general. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Physiological effect --- Biomedical Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research
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The minimally invasive use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the lower urinary tract has revolutionized the treatment of debilitating bladder, urethra, and prostate conditions refractory to conventional therapy. This is the first book focusing on the practical application of BoNT to the genitourinary tract. An introductory section discusses the biology, pharmacology, and safety of BoNT in the lower urinary tract. Applications of BoNT in the bladder and the prostate and pelvic floor are then covered in detail, with reviews of the latest clinical series and techniques of BoNT injection in both adults and children. The book closes by considering non-genitourinary uses of BoNT and addressing issues of health economics as well as providing insights from experts from across the world. This is a practical, hands-on book that also includes appendices containing easy to read instructions for patients undergoing bladder and prostate BoNT injections and specific nursing procedural issues. The book is written in a concise, uniform, and clinically relevant style by two leading pioneers in the field, Drs. Michael Chancellor and Christopher Smith, who were the first to undertake comprehensive basic research into the mechanisms underlying the efficacy and potential uses of BoNT within the lower urinary tract. Botulinum Toxin in Urology will be of interest to all urologists and urogynecologists who are considering the use of BoNT in their practice. .
Botulinum toxin -- Therapeutic use. --- Female Urogenital Diseases. --- Genitourinary organs -- Diseases -- Treatment. --- Pain -- Chemotherapy. --- Urology. --- Urology --- Metalloendopeptidases --- Female Urogenital Diseases --- Male Urogenital Diseases --- Bacterial Toxins --- Bacterial Proteins --- Diseases --- Metalloproteases --- Toxins, Biological --- Proteins --- Endopeptidases --- Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biological Factors --- Peptide Hydrolases --- Hydrolases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Urologic Diseases --- Botulinum Toxins --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Urology & Nephrology --- Botulinum toxin. --- Botox (Trademark) --- Botulin --- Botulinismus toxin --- Botulinum neurotoxin --- Botulinus toxin --- Clostridium botulinum toxin --- Medicine. --- Gynecology. --- Neurology. --- Rehabilitation medicine. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Rehabilitation Medicine. --- Genitourinary organs --- Bacterial toxins --- Neurotoxic agents --- Rehabilitation. --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Gynaecology --- Generative organs, Female --- Gynecology . --- Neurology . --- Medicine, Rehabilitation --- Rehabilitation medicine --- Rehabilitation --- Medicine, Physical --- Medical care. --- Health Care. --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health
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Botulinum neurotoxins are the most toxic natural substances and represent a major threat to the population when intentionally released in bioterrorist attacks. On the other hand, during the past two decades botulinum neurotoxins have become established as indispensable drugs for the treatment of a variety of severe neurological disorders. The need for efficient countermeasures as well as the expansion into additional fields of therapeutic application, call for comprehensive information on the botulinum neurotoxin molecules and their mode of action. Our knowledge of this subject has made great strides in recent years, setting the stage for the development of new botulinum neurotoxin-based molecules and novel applications. This book reviews the current status of basic botulinum neurotoxin research. The first part describes the genetic variability of the toxin-producing bacteria, and sheds light on each step from toxin ingestion to the abrogation of synaptic signaling including the intestinal passage and absorption, nerve cell binding and entry, and intracellular substrate cleavage. The remaining chapters detail progress made in detection methods for botulinum neurotoxins, the development of botulinum neurotoxin inhibitors, and strategies to refine the neurotoxins for further medicinal applications by means of recombinant technologies.
Botulinum toxin -- Therapeutic use. --- Botulinum Toxins -- therapeutic use. --- Botulinum toxin --- Botulinum Toxins --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Peripheral Nervous System Agents --- Metalloendopeptidases --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Bacterial Proteins --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Bacterial Toxins --- Metalloproteases --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Toxins, Biological --- Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Endopeptidases --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Biological Factors --- Peptide Hydrolases --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrolases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Botulinum Toxins, Type A --- Pharmacology --- Neuromuscular Agents --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Animal Biochemistry --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- Neurology --- Therapeutic use --- Botulinum toxin. --- Neurotoxic agents. --- Neuropoisons --- Neurotoxicants --- Neurotoxins --- Botox (Trademark) --- Botulin --- Botulinismus toxin --- Botulinum neurotoxin --- Botulinus toxin --- Clostridium botulinum toxin --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Pharmacology. --- Biomedicine. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemicals --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Nervous system --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Physiological effect --- Poisons --- Bacterial toxins --- Neurotoxic agents --- Toxicology. --- Poisoning --- Toxicology --- Clostridium
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