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This manual aims to make information resources and technical advice available in order to support the deployment of biopesticides, which include microbials (e.g. bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses and fungi), macrobials (e.g. predatory insects, parasitoids and beneficial nematodes), botanicals, and semiochemicals. It is intended to be a one-stop shop to address the information needs of the key groups who are responsible for selecting, sourcing and using biopesticides in the tobacco production system. Chapter 2 provides information for decision makers to support selection of biopesticide active substances. It also provides guidelines for trial managers on experimental design, data collection and reporting. Chapter 3 provides guidance for sourcing biopesticides. It also includes manuals for the local production of three types of biopesticide: Trichogramma; neem [Azadirachta indica]; and fungal biopesticides such as Trichoderma. Chapter 4 presents training materials to provide an overview of biopesticides in general together with detailed information on how to work with the key biopesticides that have already been used successfully to manage key pests in tobacco.

biological control agents --- Solanales --- arthropods --- insect nematodes --- eudicots --- aquatic species --- entomopathogens --- botanical pesticides --- tobacco --- animals --- Solanaceae --- pest control --- beneficial organisms --- entomophilic nematodes --- eukaryotes --- predacious insects --- Nicotiana --- data logging --- plant pests --- biocontrol agents --- biological control --- insects --- information services --- information sources --- plot design --- decision making --- parasitoids --- manuals --- pests --- handbooks --- pathogens --- plants --- aquatic organisms --- semiochemicals --- experimental design --- aquatic plants --- biocontrol --- predators --- predatory insects --- data collection --- nematodes --- natural enemies --- beneficial species --- biological control organisms --- angiosperms --- parasites --- Hexapoda --- Spermatophyta --- choice --- predaceous insects --- invertebrates

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S. Kobayashi M. Ueno T. Kitanosono Bismuth Catalysts in Aqueous Media   Y. Matano Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Alkylation, Alcohol Oxidation and Cationic Photopolymerization   S. W. Krabbe R. S. Mohan Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis Using Bismuth(III) Compounds   T. Ollevier Bismuth-Catalyzed Addition of Silyl Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Compounds and Imines   M. Rueping B. J. Nachtsheim Bismuth Salts in Catalytic Alkylation Reactions   J. A. R. Salvador S. M. Silvestre R. M. A. Pinto R. C. Santos C. Le Roux New Applications for Bismuth(III) Salts in Organic Synthesis: From Bulk Chemicals to Steroid and Terpene Chemistry   S. Matsunaga M. Shibasaki Cationic Bismuth-Catalyzed Hydroamination and Direct Substitution of the Hydroxy Group in Alcohols with Amides   S. Shimada M. L. N. Rao Transition-Metal Catalyzed C–C Bond Formation Using Organobismuth Compounds J. S. Yadav A. Antony B.V. S. Reddy Bismuth(III) Salts as Synthetic Tools in Organic Transformations  .

Pyrethrum (Insecticide) --- Monoterpenes --- Terpenes --- Hydrocarbons --- Organic Chemicals --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Pyrethrins --- Chemistry --- Agriculture --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Organic Chemistry --- Plant Sciences --- Botanical insecticides. --- Dalmatian insect flowers --- Dalmatian insect powder --- Insect flowers, Dalmatian --- Insect powder, Dalmatian --- Chemistry. --- Bioorganic chemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Environmental chemistry. --- Bioorganic Chemistry. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Biological insecticides --- Botanical pesticides --- Insecticidal plants --- Botanical insecticides --- Biochemistry. --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Ecology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Bio-organic chemistry --- Biological organic chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics

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The global biodiversity and climate emergencies demand transformative changes to human activities. For example, food production relies on synthetic, industrial and non-sustainable products for managing pests, weeds and diseases of crops. Sustainable farming requires approaches to managing these agricultural constraints that are more environmentally benign and work with rather than against nature. Increasing pressure on synthetic products has reinvigorated efforts to identify alternative pest management options, including plant-based solutions that are environmentally benign and can be tailored to different farmers’ needs, from commercial to small holder and subsistence farming. Botanical insecticides and pesticidal plants can offer a novel, effective and more sustainable alternative to synthetic products for controlling pests, diseases and weeds. This Special Issue reviews and reports the latest developments in plant-based pesticides from identification of bioactive plant chemicals, mechanisms of activity and validation of their use in horticulture and disease vector control. Other work reports applications in rice weeds, combination biopesticides and how chemistry varies spatially and influences the effectiveness of botanicals in different locations. Three reviews assess wider questions around the potential of plant-based pest management to address the global challenges of new, invasive and established crop pests and as-yet underexploited pesticidal plants.

antifeedant --- encapsulation --- induced systemic response --- corn --- barnyard grass --- rutin --- deguelin --- botanical pesticides --- insect behavior --- organic farming --- aphids --- leaf disc assay --- Melia volkensii --- rotenoids --- botanicals --- entomopathogenic fungi --- anise --- oil emulsion entrapment --- integrated pest management --- sesquiterpene --- botanical pesticide --- pest management --- neem --- insecticidal activity --- insect pest --- insects --- resistance --- biopesticide --- Tetranychus urticae --- karanja --- Colorado potato beetle --- essential oils --- Y-tube olfactometer --- parasitoid --- pests --- chemotype 3 --- limonoid --- prospects --- pyrethrum --- botanical insecticides --- weed control --- cover crops --- agro-ecological intensification --- spatial-temporal variation --- survival analysis --- Senecio fistulosus --- organic pesticide --- synergism --- growth inhibitor --- biopesticides --- tryptophan --- acaricide --- pyrrolizidine alkaloid --- phytotoxic activity --- phenylalanine --- rice --- Meliaceae --- invasive species --- botanical active substances --- structure-activity relationships --- pesticidal plant --- fennel --- spray drying --- foliar fertiliser --- sustainable agriculture --- Italian ryegrass