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From December 1944 until the end of March 1945, there existed a forced labour camp for Hungarian Jews in Engerau (today town district Petrzalka of the Slovakian capital Bratislava), which war part of the "Reich Defense Line" ("Wüdostwall"). There, more than 2000 Hungarian Jews had to work like slaves, digging up entrechments to "defend" the German Reich against the approaching soviet troops. Approximate 400 of the forced labourers died of exhaustion, deseases or were beaten to death by Viennese SA men. During the last days of WW II the camp was evacuated. A spezial detachment shot those were sic kor unfit to march, others were killed while the following footmarch to Bad Deutsch-Altenburg. Destination was the concentratio camp of Mauthausen. Those abominable crimes caused a series of legal proceedings in post war Austria against more than 70 accused - the so called "Engerau-trias". In five main trials between 1945 and 1954 against 21 defendants the Vienna "Peoples Court"--A spezial court with the task to punish nazi-crimes - imposed 9 death sentences and 1 life imprisonment. The publication analyzes the legal actions of this spezial court on the basis of the trial records located in the district court in Vienna, puts the proceedings in the lager context of the coping with the Nazi past by Austrian courts, but also in Austrian society, presents biographies of judges, attorneys and counsels of the trials, describes the coverage in the newspapers and gives attention to the gender-aspect and the reflection of the "Engerau-trials" in historiography. This is the first publication, which gives a systematic overview of the first ten years of the 2nd republic focussing post war judiciary in the soviet occupation zone and the archievements of Austrian judiciary in respect to punishing nazi-crimes on the basis of the most extensive Holocaust proceeding in Austria.
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War crimes --- War crime trials --- War crime trials --- International law
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Die NS-Prozesse in der Bundesrepublik waren ein Forum, in dem bereits in der fruhen Nachkriegszeit die Verbrechen des Nationalsozialismus verhandelt wurden. Dabei hatten die Holocaust-Uberlebenden und ehemaligen KZ-Haftlinge als Zeugen eine besonders kontroverse Aufgabe, die von der Forschung jedoch bislang kaum beachtet wurde. Vielfach lag es allein an ihnen, mit ihren Berichten die Angeklagten zu uberfuhren. Zugleich waren sie teils massivem Misstrauen der deutschen Justiz ausgesetzt, die die Uberlebenden fur zu parteiisch hielt, um objektive Einschatzungen abzugeben. Die Befragungen und die Konfrontation mit den Tatern stellten zudem eine hohe Belastung dar. Dennoch sagten Tausende Uberlebende aus freien Stucken aus und nahmen die Strapazen auf sich, um die strafrechtliche Verfolgung der Verbrechen voranzubringen. Am Beispiel von vier Auschwitz-Prozessen aus drei Jahrzehnten untersucht Katharina Stengel, welche Bedeutung die Opfer fur die NS-Prozesse hatten, wie die Juristen mit ihnen und ihren unfassbaren Berichten umgingen, wie die Zeuginnen und Zeugen selbst vor Gericht agierten, welche Anliegen sie verfolgten und welche Schlusse sie aus ihren Erfahrungen zogen.
War crime trials --- Germany --- History
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This book contains verdicts passed before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Cantonal Court in Sarajevo, which concern war crimes committed in the area of Sarajevo’s Grbavica. Thus, the book contains the following subjects: Duško Dabetić Dabe, Predrag Mišković, Saša Baričanin, Veselin Vlahović Batko and Zoran Dragičević Krompir. They were sentenced to six to 42 years in prison. The highest sentence was given to Veselin Vlahović, better known as the monster from Grbavica, who as a member of the armed forces of the Army of Republika Srpska killed, tortured, inhumanely treated the civilian population, raped, took hostages, punished collectively, illegally imprisoned and robbed people. In addition to the verdicts, the book includes a list of names of persons who have been exhumed from mass graves and disappeared in the area of Grbavica.
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The Kazani case has been known to the Sarajevo public since 1993, when the independent magazine Dani wrote about the murders of the non-Bosniak population near Sarajevo. The number of people killed at Kazani pit has never been officially determined, and twenty years later is the subject of frequent debates. The key date on the issue of this war crime is October 26, 1993, when the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MUP) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBIH) organized the operation “Trebević”, with the aim of dealing with “criminals within their own ranks”, against the commander 10th Mountain Brigade Mušan Topalović Caco and the commander of the 9th Motorized Brigade Ramiz Delalić Ćelo. Topalović and his men killed nine MUP members during the arrest, and Topalović himself was dead a few hours after the arrest. The official version says: “killed while trying to escape”.
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This publication contains a total of nine verdicts for war crimes committed in Višegrad before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Supreme Court of FBH, which convicted Boban Šimšić, Dragan Šekarić, Miloš Pantelić, Momir Savić, Nenad Tanasković, Novo Rajak, Oliver Krsmanović, Predrag Milisavljević, Vitomir Racković and Željko Lelek. In addition to the verdicts, the book also includes a list of exhumed persons missing in the area of Višegrad.
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The terrible suffering of Croats took place in the village of Trusina near Konjic on April 16, 1993. The soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBIH) attacked the village and killed 22 Croats. They were mostly civilians, including several women, and members of the HVO who surrendered because their families were captured by members of the ARBIH. The survivors, about 150 of them, were captured in a house, where they spent the night and were exchanged after two days. For the war crime in Trusina, Edin Džeko was sentenced to 13 years in prison and Rasema Handanović to five and a half years in prison.
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Cette édition numérique a été réalisée à partir d'un support physique, parfois ancien, conservé au sein du dépôt légal de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, conformément à la loi n° 2012-287 du 1er mars 2012 relative à l'exploitation des Livres indisponibles du XXe siècle.