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Demographic surveys --- Health surveys --- Men --- Unsafe sex --- Circumcision --- Statistical methods. --- Sexual behavior

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Choosing Unsafe Sex focuses on the ways in which condom refusal and beliefs regarding HIV testing reflect women's hopes for their relationships and their desires to preserve status and self-esteem. Many of the inner-city women who participated in Dr. Sobo's research were seriously involved with one man, and they had heavy emotional and social investments in believing or maintaining that their partners were faithful to them. Uninvolved women had similarly heavy investments in their abilities to identify or choose potential partners who were HIV-negative. Women did not see themselves as being at risk for HIV infection, and so they saw no need for condoms. But they did recommend that other women, whom they saw as quite likely to be involved with sexually unfaithful men, use them.

Women with social disabilities --- Sexual health --- Unsafe sex --- Safe sex in AIDS prevention --- Sexual behavior surveys --- AIDS (Disease) in women --- Sexual behavior --- Caregiving. --- Health. --- Medicine.

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The World Bank initiated a review of HIV prevention among injection drug users in Thailand, with the objective of providing technical assistance to strengthen national capacity to develop state-of-the-art injecting drug use harm reduction interventions. Thailand has received international recognition for its successful interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV among female sex workers and military recruits. It is looked upon as a role model for HIV education and awareness campaigns that include the extensive promotion and wide acceptance of condoms as an HIV prevention strategy. Thailand has the most progressive and comprehensive antiretroviral program in the region with a reported coverage of over 80 percent of eligible individuals. In 2001, it embarked on a progressive universal health care program that provides free access to a wide array of health care diagnostics and therapeutics for the people of Thailand. With these impressive achievements, it is remarkable how poorly Thailand has responded to the HIV epidemic among injection drug users (IDUs). From available data, it appears that the HIV prevalence rates among IDUs have remained high and stagnant over the last decade. Failure to provide effective interventions to reduce HIV transmission among drug users has resulted in unnecessary suffering, and for many, HIV-related death. Continued inaction threatens to undermine successful HIV prevention efforts in the country through ongoing HIV transmission among injection drug users and their sexual partners. The current focus on enforcement and punishment, along with the reliance on compulsory drug treatment centers, has done little to control drug use in Thailand. The unintended consequence of this approach has been to push drug users into precarious and dangerous environments that have directly led to risky drug using patterns and persistently high rates of HIV transmission. Adopting a harm reduction approach to deal with injection drug use could have a major impact on reducing HIV transmission as well as engaging drug users into better health care and effective drug treatment. This will require strong leadership in key government Ministries and related agencies so that the central stakeholders can roll out harm reduction programs. Thailand has the potential to greatly reduce the transmission of HIV among injection drug users and become a regional leader in harm reduction.

Adolescent Health --- Adolescents --- Amphetamines --- Antibiotics --- Capacity Building --- Cohort Studies --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Epidemiology --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hepatitis --- Hiv/Aids --- Human Rights --- Information Campaigns --- Informed Consent --- Injecting Drug Users --- Long-Term Care --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Pharmaceuticals --- Population Policies --- Public Health --- Rehabilitation --- Sanitation --- Sex Workers --- Substance Abuse --- Technical Assistance --- Tolerance --- Tuberculosis --- Unsafe Sex --- World Health Organization --- Youth

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The objective of this study is to identify lessons for improving cookstoves in Bangladesh through an evaluation of existing programs, the international experience on improved stoves, and the lessons from successes in the sanitation sector. Bangladesh's new renewable energy policy endorses creating a better environment for renewable energy technologies and promoting market development for improved cookstoves (Government of Bangladesh 2009). This study supports this policy direction by examining possible strategies to move forward the development of markets for improved stoves in Bangladesh. The study consists of several components: a national review of household energy programs; an evaluation of national sanitation programs; and an examination of improved cookstove programs from around the world, including China, Guatemala, Haiti, Mongolia, Nepal, and Uganda. The study is based on published literature, consultations with organizations throughout Bangladesh, site visits, and structured discussions with beneficiaries and other stakeholders.

Air Pollution --- Air Quality --- Air Quality & Clean Air --- Burns --- Capacity Building --- Carbon Dioxide --- Carbon Finance --- Child Mortality --- Clean Development Mechanism --- Clean Energy --- Cooking --- Developing Countries --- Development Policy --- Electricity --- Emissions --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Health --- Expenditures --- Gender Issues --- Gross Domestic Product --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Outcomes --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hygiene --- Indoor Air Pollution --- Injuries --- Kerosene --- Marketing --- Millennium Development Goals --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Natural Gas --- Particulate Matter --- Pollutants --- Population Growth --- Posters --- Pregnancy --- Public Health --- Quality Control --- Quality of Life --- Renewable Energy --- Respect --- Rural Development --- Rural Electrification --- Rural Population --- Sanitation --- Solar Energy --- Technical Assistance --- Tuberculosis --- Unsafe Sex --- Urban Areas --- Waste --- Workers --- World Health Organization