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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion --- sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion

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Significant research efforts are currently being undertaken in the field of natural and synthetic polymers for a range of biomedical applications. (Co)polymer molecular structure, topology, self-assemblies, biodegradation, and hydrophobicity are of biomaterial importance for intrinsically biocompatible polymer systems. This book is comprised of nine chapters, published previously as original research contributions of the Special Issue focused on advances in polymeric materials for biomedical applications. The authors of these contributions are predominantly from central European countries, Italy and the United Kingdom. The content of this book will be of interest to scientists, scholars and students working in this area of knowledge, reflecting the progress in the development of advanced natural and synthetic polymer biomaterials.

Technology: general issues --- fish gelatin --- citric acid --- electrospinning --- pH --- thermal treatment --- gelatin structure --- crosslinking degree --- dendrimer --- metallodendrimer --- acridine --- antimicrobial activity --- antibacterial cotton --- polystyrene --- nylon 6 --- electrospun fibers --- composite mesh --- proliferation --- roughness --- Ti6Al4V --- polydopamine --- antimicrobial peptides --- cathelicidin --- KR-12 --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oligo(3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzoyloxymethyl)propionate) --- bioactive (co)oligoesters --- p-anisic acid derivatives --- hydrolytic degradation --- cosmetic delivery system --- ESI-MS --- multistage mass spectrometry --- whey protein isolate --- hydrogel --- tannic acid --- anticancer scaffold --- 3D printing --- fused deposition modelling (FDM) --- computer aided design (CAD) --- erosion test --- dissolution study --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) --- immunomodulation --- cytokines --- RAW 264.7 --- phagocytosis --- cell internalization --- antifungal --- thymoquinone --- ocimene --- miramistin amphotericin b --- bacterial cellulose --- wound dressing --- fish gelatin --- citric acid --- electrospinning --- pH --- thermal treatment --- gelatin structure --- crosslinking degree --- dendrimer --- metallodendrimer --- acridine --- antimicrobial activity --- antibacterial cotton --- polystyrene --- nylon 6 --- electrospun fibers --- composite mesh --- proliferation --- roughness --- Ti6Al4V --- polydopamine --- antimicrobial peptides --- cathelicidin --- KR-12 --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oligo(3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzoyloxymethyl)propionate) --- bioactive (co)oligoesters --- p-anisic acid derivatives --- hydrolytic degradation --- cosmetic delivery system --- ESI-MS --- multistage mass spectrometry --- whey protein isolate --- hydrogel --- tannic acid --- anticancer scaffold --- 3D printing --- fused deposition modelling (FDM) --- computer aided design (CAD) --- erosion test --- dissolution study --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) --- immunomodulation --- cytokines --- RAW 264.7 --- phagocytosis --- cell internalization --- antifungal --- thymoquinone --- ocimene --- miramistin amphotericin b --- bacterial cellulose --- wound dressing

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This Special Issue of Polymers is a collection of 11 original high-quality scientific contributions on basic and applied research in the field of wood science and technology, and provides good examples of the recent challenges related to the production and application of wood and wood-based materials. The Special Issue includes individual papers concerned with the enhancement of the performance and technological properties of wood composites, above all plywood, as well as with the ignition and combustion of wood and wood composites in monitoring and evaluating these processes on state-of-the-art equipment, and monitoring chemical changes in wood and wood adhesives and composites. The topic of the Special Issue has clearly resonated with the world’s scientific community and the responses have come from traditionally strong wood research centers in Europe and Asia.

Technology: general issues --- plywood --- veneer 3D moldability --- natural fiber reinforcement --- wood–plastic composite (WPC) --- silicone --- mechanical properties --- cytotoxicity --- casting --- ageing --- veneer --- laser-cut --- additive manufacturing --- wood composite --- birch plywood --- molecular weight --- phenol-formaldehyde resin --- soft-rot --- weathering stability --- wood-based panels --- high-density fiberboards --- bio-adhesives --- ammonium lignosulfonate --- zero-formaldehyde emission --- tropical wood --- non-isothermal thermogravimetry --- deconvolution of thermogravimetry runs --- cone calorimetry testing --- heat-release rate --- OSB --- heat flux density --- ignition time --- weight loss --- meranti --- padauk --- merbau --- thermal treatment --- wood lignin --- eco-panel --- small ignition initiator --- straw --- relative burning rate --- fire properties --- spruce wood --- cellulose --- hemicelluloses --- lignin --- extractives --- time of storage --- fiber characteristics --- torrefied wood --- fuel --- combustion --- heat release rate --- n/a --- wood-plastic composite (WPC)

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Essential oils (EOs) and microbial/plant-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used in an increasing number of sectors such as health, cosmetics, the food industry and, more recently, agronomy. In agronomy, they are employed as bio-herbicides and bio-pesticides due to their their insecticidal, antifungal, and bactericidal effects. Several EO-based bio-pesticides are already registered. Essential oils and other VOCs are 100% bio-based and present numerous additional advantages. They contain a great number of structurally diverse compounds that frequently act in synergy; they are thus less subject to resistance. As highly volatile compounds are found in EOs and VOCs, they typically cause no residue problems in food products or in soils. Indeed, the supply of EOs can be really challenging because they are frequently produced in restricted areas of the world with prices and chemical composition fluctuations. Besides, while the high volatility of EOs and VOCs is interesting for some specific applications, it can be a problem when developing a bio-pesticide with long lasting effects. Finally, EOs are frequently phytotoxic, which is perfect for herbicide formulations, but not for other applications. In both cases, the development of a proper formulation is essential. Owing to the current attraction for natural products, a better understanding of their modes of biological action is of importance for the development of new and optimal applications.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- natural antimicrobials --- encapsulation --- shelf-life --- microbiological quality --- micelles --- plant-derived antimicrobial --- Enteric pathogens --- leafy greens --- cheese --- essential oils --- Escherichia coli --- Clostridium tyrobutyricum --- Penicillium verrucosum --- antimicrobial --- Elsholtzia ciliata --- Tribolium castaneum --- essential oil --- carvone --- limonene --- insecticidal activity --- synergistic effect --- starch films --- active food packaging films --- cinnamon oil emulsions --- Botrytis cinerea --- Zanthoxylum leprieurii --- Sitophilus granarius --- tridecan-2-one --- β-myrcene --- (E)-β-ocimene --- dendrolasin --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- insecticidal --- anti-plasmodial --- Côte d'Ivoire --- Staphylococcus aureus --- S. epidermidis --- carvacrol --- thymol --- eugenol --- benzalkonium chloride --- biofilms --- planktonic --- disinfection --- natural products --- Aphis nerii --- Coccinella septempunctata --- plant-based insecticide --- Oryzaephius surinamensis --- Rhyzopertha dominica --- Trogoderma granarium --- thyme --- edible films --- high pressure thermal treatment --- ultrasonication --- food safety --- essential oil composition --- sabinene --- citronellal --- Sitophilus oryzae --- marinating solution --- pork loin --- quality --- safety --- phytotoxicity --- mode of action --- biopesticides --- biocontrol --- antifungal --- antibacterial --- biopesticide --- insecticide --- eco-friendly --- stored product pest --- Allium sativum --- Gaultheria procumbens --- Mentha arvensis --- Eucalyptus dives --- controlled release --- biosourced --- surface response methodology --- sweet wormwood --- mulberry pyralid --- mulberry --- immunity --- reproductive system --- digestive system --- natural antimicrobials --- encapsulation --- shelf-life --- microbiological quality --- micelles --- plant-derived antimicrobial --- Enteric pathogens --- leafy greens --- cheese --- essential oils --- Escherichia coli --- Clostridium tyrobutyricum --- Penicillium verrucosum --- antimicrobial --- Elsholtzia ciliata --- Tribolium castaneum --- essential oil --- carvone --- limonene --- insecticidal activity --- synergistic effect --- starch films --- active food packaging films --- cinnamon oil emulsions --- Botrytis cinerea --- Zanthoxylum leprieurii --- Sitophilus granarius --- tridecan-2-one --- β-myrcene --- (E)-β-ocimene --- dendrolasin --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- insecticidal --- anti-plasmodial --- Côte d'Ivoire --- Staphylococcus aureus --- S. epidermidis --- carvacrol --- thymol --- eugenol --- benzalkonium chloride --- biofilms --- planktonic --- disinfection --- natural products --- Aphis nerii --- Coccinella septempunctata --- plant-based insecticide --- Oryzaephius surinamensis --- Rhyzopertha dominica --- Trogoderma granarium --- thyme --- edible films --- high pressure thermal treatment --- ultrasonication --- food safety --- essential oil composition --- sabinene --- citronellal --- Sitophilus oryzae --- marinating solution --- pork loin --- quality --- safety --- phytotoxicity --- mode of action --- biopesticides --- biocontrol --- antifungal --- antibacterial --- biopesticide --- insecticide --- eco-friendly --- stored product pest --- Allium sativum --- Gaultheria procumbens --- Mentha arvensis --- Eucalyptus dives --- controlled release --- biosourced --- surface response methodology --- sweet wormwood --- mulberry pyralid --- mulberry --- immunity --- reproductive system --- digestive system

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Rising pollution, climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels are leading many countries to focus on renewable-based energy conversion systems. In particular, recently introduced energy policies are giving high priority to increasing the use of renewable energy sources, the improvement of energy systems’ security, the minimization of greenhouse gas effect, and social and economic cohesion. Renewable energies’ availability varies during the day and the seasons and so their use must be accurately predicted in conjunction with the management strategies based on load shifting and energy storage. Thus, in order to reduce the criticalities of this uncertainty, the exploitation of more flexible and stable renewable energies, such as the geothermal one, is necessary. Geothermal energy is an abundant renewable source with significant potential in direct use applications, such as in district heating systems, in indirect use ones to produce electricity, and in cogeneration and polygeneration systems for the combined production of power, heating, and cooling energy. This Special Issue includes geothermal energy utilization and the technologies used for its exploitation considering both the direct and indirect use applications.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- geothermal power production --- abandoned oil reservoirs --- in situ combustion --- organic Rankine cycle (ORC) --- plunger pump --- centrifugal pump --- pressure drop --- temperature utilization rate --- system generating efficiency --- carbonate geothermal reservoirs --- sustainable geothermal energy exploitation --- southern Italy --- numerical simulation --- dual-loop ORC --- mixture working fluids --- entropy generation --- entransy loss --- exergy loss --- Ground source heat pump --- oval cross-section --- groundwater --- borehole heat exchanger --- CFD --- Sandtank --- granite --- physical characteristics --- cyclic --- thermal treatment --- water cooling --- hybrid renewable polygeneration plant --- micro organic Rankine cycle --- evacuated solar thermal collectors --- photovoltaic panels --- plastic heat exchanger --- Organic Rankine Cycle --- geothermal energy --- shell and tube heat exchanger --- fouling resistance --- mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) --- phase change material (PCM) --- LCOH --- heat transport --- renewable energy source --- household hybrid system --- dynamic simulation --- economic analysis --- TRNSYS software --- heating and cooling network --- polygeneration system --- geothermal energy community --- ORC --- energy district --- heat pump --- R1234ze --- CO2 --- geothermal --- renewable energy --- historic building --- energy saving --- earth-to-air --- horizontal pipe --- 2D model --- air conditioning --- renewable energy sources --- thermal performances --- energy efficiency --- parametric study --- geothermal resource --- Monte Carlo simulation --- assessment --- thermal reservoir --- North Jiangsu Basin --- geothermal power production --- abandoned oil reservoirs --- in situ combustion --- organic Rankine cycle (ORC) --- plunger pump --- centrifugal pump --- pressure drop --- temperature utilization rate --- system generating efficiency --- carbonate geothermal reservoirs --- sustainable geothermal energy exploitation --- southern Italy --- numerical simulation --- dual-loop ORC --- mixture working fluids --- entropy generation --- entransy loss --- exergy loss --- Ground source heat pump --- oval cross-section --- groundwater --- borehole heat exchanger --- CFD --- Sandtank --- granite --- physical characteristics --- cyclic --- thermal treatment --- water cooling --- hybrid renewable polygeneration plant --- micro organic Rankine cycle --- evacuated solar thermal collectors --- photovoltaic panels --- plastic heat exchanger --- Organic Rankine Cycle --- geothermal energy --- shell and tube heat exchanger --- fouling resistance --- mobile thermal energy storage (M-TES) --- phase change material (PCM) --- LCOH --- heat transport --- renewable energy source --- household hybrid system --- dynamic simulation --- economic analysis --- TRNSYS software --- heating and cooling network --- polygeneration system --- geothermal energy community --- ORC --- energy district --- heat pump --- R1234ze --- CO2 --- geothermal --- renewable energy --- historic building --- energy saving --- earth-to-air --- horizontal pipe --- 2D model --- air conditioning --- renewable energy sources --- thermal performances --- energy efficiency --- parametric study --- geothermal resource --- Monte Carlo simulation --- assessment --- thermal reservoir --- North Jiangsu Basin