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Cannabis Use, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Treatment offers readers a comprehensive reference on neurological changes, both transient and long-term, and other factors surrounding the use of these compounds and extracts. With coverage of both natural and synthetic cannabinoids, this broad coverage allows readers to learn about both adverse and non-adverse effects, including reactivity to pain, changes in behavior, and neuroactivity. This volume provides a platform for research on the effects of these compounds in brain function and neurological dysfunction. Extracts from the Cannabis sativa plant contain scores of psychoactive compounds in addition to the principal agent tetrahydrocannabinol, many of which are neuroactive.

Marijuana abuse --- Marijuana --- Neuropsychology. --- Cannabis --- Cannabinoids --- Medical Marijuana --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Health aspects. --- Physiological effect. --- Psychological aspects. --- drug effects

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"Journal of Cannabis Research is an international open access journal which covers all aspects of cannabis, encompassing not only clinical and scientific research, but also research into social, economic, legal, environmental and ethical impacts of cannabis. Our goal is to provide an outlet for experts across disciplines, driving public discourse and innovation around this timely issue."

Cannabinoids --- Cannabis --- Cannabis. --- Cannabinoids. --- Therapeutic use --- Social aspects --- Physiological effect --- therapeutic use. --- Therapeutic use. --- Physiological effect. --- Hallucinogenic drugs --- Terpenes --- Cannabis gigantea --- Cannabis indica --- Cannabis sativa --- Gallow grass --- Cannabaceae --- Marijuana --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists --- Hemp Plant --- Marihuana --- Bhang --- Ganja --- Hashish --- Hemp --- Bhangs --- Cannabi --- Ganjas --- Hashishs --- Hemp Plants --- Hemps --- Plant, Hemp --- Plants, Hemp --- Medical Marijuana --- Cannabinoid --- cannabis --- cannabinoids --- hemp --- public health

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The cloning of two G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, termed CB1 and CB2, in the early 1990s has stimulated and facilitated research conducted on the physiological function of cannabinoid actions in the brain and throughout the body. In the twenty years since the identification of these two receptors, endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) for these receptors have been identified, their biosynthetic and metabolic pathways have been discerned, and their functional and regulatory action for signalling through CB1 and CB2 receptors have been described. More recently, it has become has become evident that cannabinoids exert actions at non-CB1, non-CB2 receptors. Much less is understood about these actions. Many of these novel “targets” are in the process of being characterized functionally and physiologically, and the therapeutic value of targeting these non-CB1, non-CB2 receptors is being evaluated. The purpose of this volume is to present the current knowledge on the atypical actions of cannabinoids on these new targets.   This book is intended as a scientific resource for cannabinoid researchers carrying out animal and human experiments, and for those who are interested in learning about future directions in cannabinoid research. Additionally, this book may be of value to investigators currently working outside the field of cannabinoid research who have an interest in learning about these compounds and their atypical cannabinoid signalling. This book provides insight into the potential medical application of cannabinoids and their therapeutic development for the treatment of human disease.

Cannabinoids -- Receptors. --- Medicine. --- Receptors, Cannabinoid. --- Cannabinoids --- Hormones --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Terpenes --- Neurotransmitter Agents --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Hydrocarbons --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Membrane Proteins --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Organic Chemicals --- Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Pharmacology --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Endocannabinoids --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Therapeutic use --- Physiological effect. --- Receptors. --- Human physiology. --- Neurosciences. --- Pharmacology. --- Proteins. --- Animal physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Physiology. --- Animal Physiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cannabis --- Hallucinogenic drugs --- Cell receptors. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Nervous system --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Toxicology --- Proteins . --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Physiological effect

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The past two decades have seen a tremendous growth in knowledge related to cannabinoid receptor signaling in brain.  In addition, the impact and consequences of cannabinoid modulation of monoaminergic circuits is steadily emerging demonstrating a significant interaction between these two systems in a variety of psychiatric (affective disorders) and neurological disorders (multiple sclerosis, pain). Despite increasing evidence from preclinical data suggesting that therapeutic use of cannabinoid-based drugs may outweigh any potential risks in certain serious medical conditions, the debate surrounding its widespread utility continues as regulatory concerns preclude a smooth transition of promising preclinical studies into clinical trial testing. This may persist in the near future as state and federal governments debate over regulation of medicinal applications of cannabis. Applications for medicinal cannabinoids that are already under investigation include the treatment of nausea, anorexia, neurodegeneration, inflammation, excitotoxicity and pain. The appetitive and anti-emetic properties of cannabinoids have led to the approval of their use in chemotherapy and AIDS patients.  There is growing evidence for therapeutic cannabinoid effects on inflammatory and excitotoxic cellular processes that are linked to epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spasticity, and central nervous system injury. The chapters, herein, review and discuss current insights into the brain endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptor signaling on synaptic plasticity, potential therapeutic applications with a particular focus on endocannabinoid modulation of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic circuitry. The potential for establishing cannabinoid-monoaminergic interactions as a novel target in the development of improved treatment strategies for psychiatric and neurological disorders is promising and will require future clinical studies to determine whether promising pre-clinical findings translate into new therapies.

Cannabinoids -- Therapeutic use. --- Medicine. --- Mental illness -- Treatment. --- Nervous system -- Diseases -- Treatment. --- Neurochemistry. --- Neurology. --- Neurosciences. --- Psychiatry. --- Cannabinoids --- Cannabis --- Diseases --- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Therapeutics --- Neurotransmitter Agents --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Membrane Proteins --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Mental Disorders --- Drug Therapy --- Endocannabinoids --- Nervous System Diseases --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Therapeutic use --- Psychopharmacology. --- Nervous system --- Therapeutic use. --- Treatment. --- Behavioral pharmacology --- Drugs --- Psychotropic effects --- Biomedicine. --- Chemotherapy --- Pharmacology --- Psychotropic drugs --- Hallucinogenic drugs --- Terpenes --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Medicine and psychology --- Mental health --- Psychology, Pathological --- Neurology .

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This book investigates the social construction of the processes of marijuana criminalization and marijuana medicalization. It is the first substantive study on the subject to include a detailed historical context in which to situate a new theoretical model for examining the contemporary U.S. drug policy debate.

Marijuana -- Law and legislation -- United States -- History. --- Marijuana -- Therapeutic use -- United States -- History. --- Marijuana -- United States -- History. --- Marijuana. --- Marijuana --- History, Modern 1601 --- -North America --- Smoking --- Humanities --- Terpenes --- Americas --- Habits --- Hydrocarbons --- Geographic Locations --- Organic Chemicals --- Behavior --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Geographicals --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- History --- Marijuana Smoking --- History, 21st Century --- United States --- Cannabinoids --- History, 20th Century --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology --- 21st Cent. History (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. History of Medicine --- 21st Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 21st Century --- History of Medicine, 21st Cent. --- History, Twenty-first Century --- Medical History, 21st Cent. --- Medicine, 21st Cent. --- 21st Century History --- 21st Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 21st Cent. Medicines --- 21st Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 21st (Medicine) --- Cent. Medicine, 21st --- Cent. Medicines, 21st --- Century Histories, 21st --- Century Histories, Twenty-first --- Century History, 21st --- Century History, Twenty-first --- Histories, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 21st Century --- Histories, Twenty-first Century --- History, 21st Cent. (Medicine) --- History, Twenty first Century --- Medicines, 21st Cent. --- Twenty-first Century Histories --- Twenty-first Century History --- Marihuana Smoking --- Smoking Blunts --- Smoking, Blunts --- Cannabis Smoking --- Hashish Smoking --- Blunt, Smoking --- Blunts Smoking --- Blunts Smokings --- Blunts, Smoking --- Smoking Blunt --- Smoking, Cannabis --- Smoking, Hashish --- Smoking, Marihuana --- Smoking, Marijuana --- Smokings, Blunts --- Cannabis --- Medical Marijuana --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Organic Chemical --- Chemical, Organic --- Chemicals, Organic --- Hydrocarbon --- Saturated Hydrocarbons --- Unsaturated Hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons, Saturated --- Hydrocarbons, Unsaturated --- Habit Disturbances --- Habit --- Habit Disturbance --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Cannabinoid --- Receptors, Cannabinoid --- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists --- Isoprenoids --- Terpenoids --- Isoprenoid --- Terpene --- Terpenoid --- Smoking Behaviors --- Smoking Habit --- Behavior, Smoking --- Behaviors, Smoking --- Habit, Smoking --- Habits, Smoking --- Smoking Behavior --- Smoking Habits --- Tobacco --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Ganja --- Marihuana --- Weed (Marijuana) --- Therapeutic use --- Law and legislation --- -Smoking --- Psychiatry --- North America