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Biological techniques --- Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- Hydrobiology --- Ecosystemen --- Photosynthesis. --- Plankton. --- Marine Biology --- Aquatic Organisms --- Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis --- Calvin Cycle --- Calvin-Benson Cycle --- Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle --- Carbon Fixation, Photosynthetic --- Reductive Pentose Phosphate Cycle --- Calvin Benson Bassham Cycle --- Calvin Benson Cycle --- Cycle, Calvin --- Cycle, Calvin-Benson --- Cycle, Calvin-Benson-Bassham --- Photosynthesis Dark Reaction --- Photosynthesis Dark Reactions --- Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation --- Chlorophyll --- Chloroplasts --- Light --- Photobiology --- Photosynthesis --- Plankton --- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL --- RATES --- PERIPHYTON --- MACROPHYTES --- SAMPLING --- MEASUREMENT --- MICROORGANISMS --- PHOTOSYNTHESIS --- PHYTOPLANKTON --- BIOMASS --- PRIMARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY --- WATER --- PRODUCTIVITY --- QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS --- EVALUATION --- MANUALS --- ENVIRONMENT

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Freshwater macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in linking sediments and their processes to the food web. Indeed, environmental modifications (e.g., nitrogen deposition, salinity, and temperature increase), pollution (e.g., pesticides and heavy metals), and introduction of alien species are the main drivers of changes that are affecting their communities. This Special Issue aims to present the past and present knowledge on freshwater macroinvertebrates to understand their role as providers of ecosystem services, to highlight the effects of global changes on their community (in the short and long term), and to underline major gaps in their study. Finally, in order to tackle the currently unsustainable use of freshwater natural capital, we welcome ideas and expert opinions on the development of future research linked to national and international regulations.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- biological quality element --- chemical analysis --- Chironomus riparius --- DDTs --- legacy contaminants --- PCBs --- POP --- standard ecotoxicological tests --- Water Framework Directive --- lakes --- invasion biology --- non-indigenous species --- Procambarus Clarkii --- Pacifastacus Leniusculus --- Orconectes Limosus --- snails --- endemic species --- invasive species --- random forest model --- multivariate analysis --- partial dependence analysis --- calcrete aquifer --- epikarst --- hyporheal --- hypotelminorheal --- stygobiont --- bioassessment --- temporal trend --- altitude --- climate --- insects --- grain-size --- sediment --- macroinvertebrates --- ecological status --- multimetric indices --- coevolution --- epizoosis --- grazing --- periphyton --- scrapers --- indices and metrics --- sediment quality --- St. Lawrence River --- highly humic lakes --- ecological status assessment --- saprobic index --- general degradation index --- biological quality element --- chemical analysis --- Chironomus riparius --- DDTs --- legacy contaminants --- PCBs --- POP --- standard ecotoxicological tests --- Water Framework Directive --- lakes --- invasion biology --- non-indigenous species --- Procambarus Clarkii --- Pacifastacus Leniusculus --- Orconectes Limosus --- snails --- endemic species --- invasive species --- random forest model --- multivariate analysis --- partial dependence analysis --- calcrete aquifer --- epikarst --- hyporheal --- hypotelminorheal --- stygobiont --- bioassessment --- temporal trend --- altitude --- climate --- insects --- grain-size --- sediment --- macroinvertebrates --- ecological status --- multimetric indices --- coevolution --- epizoosis --- grazing --- periphyton --- scrapers --- indices and metrics --- sediment quality --- St. Lawrence River --- highly humic lakes --- ecological status assessment --- saprobic index --- general degradation index

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3 family, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are physiologically important for many animals and humans. Moreover, fatty acids play an important roles in numerous contexts reflecting various levels: from their producers in natural ecosystems, microalgae, through to invertebrates and fish, and to culinary treatments of fish products for human consumption. Environmental threats such as anthropogenic pollution and its effects on PUFA yield in aquatic ecosystems as well as their transfer to terrestrial ecosystems are highlighted. Assumptions and challenges that are important for the study of PUFA in trophic webs of aquatic ecosystems as well as in human nutrition are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Fatty acid --- fish --- food web --- periphyton --- trophic transfer --- water pollution --- zoobenthos --- salmon --- pan-frying --- rosemary --- lipid oxidation --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- aldehydes --- isoprostanes --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- nutritive quality --- eutrophication --- culinary treatments --- fatty acids --- dietary sources --- allochthonous --- Salvelinus leucomaenis --- chronic mild stress --- depression --- gut microbiota --- fish oil --- olive oil --- CLA --- conjugated linoleic acid --- ALA --- α-linolenic acid --- n-3 HUFA score --- meat fat --- vegetable fat --- mollusks --- symbiotic bacteria --- biosynthesis --- aquatic ecosystems --- subsidies --- food webs --- fatty acyl desaturase --- Δ6 - desaturase --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid --- LC-PUFA --- ω3 --- ω6 --- EPA --- DHA --- AA --- essential fatty acid --- health --- transgene --- essential polyunsaturated fatty acids --- linoleic acid --- alpha-linolenic acid --- food quality --- muscle tissue --- subcutaneous adipose tissue --- liver --- green cryo-fodder --- lipids --- Leptoclinus maculatus --- ontogenesis --- adaptations --- trophic nets --- Arctic --- arctic --- Salmoniformes --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- polar lipids --- triacylglycerols --- phytoplankton --- freshwater --- nutritional value --- Fatty acid --- fish --- food web --- periphyton --- trophic transfer --- water pollution --- zoobenthos --- salmon --- pan-frying --- rosemary --- lipid oxidation --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- aldehydes --- isoprostanes --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- docosahexaenoic acid --- nutritive quality --- eutrophication --- culinary treatments --- fatty acids --- dietary sources --- allochthonous --- Salvelinus leucomaenis --- chronic mild stress --- depression --- gut microbiota --- fish oil --- olive oil --- CLA --- conjugated linoleic acid --- ALA --- α-linolenic acid --- n-3 HUFA score --- meat fat --- vegetable fat --- mollusks --- symbiotic bacteria --- biosynthesis --- aquatic ecosystems --- subsidies --- food webs --- fatty acyl desaturase --- Δ6 - desaturase --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid --- LC-PUFA --- ω3 --- ω6 --- EPA --- DHA --- AA --- essential fatty acid --- health --- transgene --- essential polyunsaturated fatty acids --- linoleic acid --- alpha-linolenic acid --- food quality --- muscle tissue --- subcutaneous adipose tissue --- liver --- green cryo-fodder --- lipids --- Leptoclinus maculatus --- ontogenesis --- adaptations --- trophic nets --- Arctic --- arctic --- Salmoniformes --- long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids --- polar lipids --- triacylglycerols --- phytoplankton --- freshwater --- nutritional value