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The field of oligonucleotide therapeutics research is ripe with the prospect of new discoveries. In Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: Methods and Protocols, a selection of established and emerging methods for the application of oligonucleotides as therapeutics are presented, all providing the tools needed to inspire great changes in the field. Divided into twenty-one chapters, this detailed volume meticulously describes vital protocols for optimizing and improving cell uptake, such as photochemical internalization, modified cell penetrating peptides, antibody conjugates, and nanoparticles. Other chapters address quantitation of RNA therapeutics in cells, assaying gene knockdown, selecting the best target site and synthesis of various modified oligonucleotides. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and easily accessible, Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: Methods and Protocols serves as a timely resource for both professionals and novices pursuing research in this exciting and pioneering field.

Biochemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition

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Population genomics is a recently emerged discipline, which aims at understanding how evolutionary processes influence genetic variation across genomes. Today, in the era of cheaper next-generation sequencing, it is no longer as daunting to obtain whole genome data for any species of interest and population genomics is now conceivable in a wide range of fields, from medicine and pharmacology to ecology and evolutionary biology. However, because of the lack of reference genome and of enough a priori data on the polymorphism, population genomics analyses will still involve higher constraints for researchers working on non-model organisms, as regards the choice of the genotyping/sequencing technique or that of the analysis methods. Therefore, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics purposely puts emphasis on protocols and methods that are applicable to species where genomic resources are still scarce. It is divided into three convenient sections, each one tackling one of the main challenges facing scientists setting up a population genomics study. The first section helps devising a sampling and/or experimental design suitable to address the biological question of interest. The second section addresses how to implement the best genotyping or sequencing method to obtain the required data given the time and cost constraints as well as the other genetic resources already available. Finally, the last section is about making the most of the (generally huge) dataset produced by using appropriate analysis methods in order to reach a biologically relevant conclusion. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, advice on methodology and implementation, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and easily accessible, Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics serves a wide readership by providing guidelines to help choose and implement the best experimental or analytical strategy for a given purpose.

Human genetics. --- Nucleic acids. --- Statistical methods. --- Human Genetics. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Biostatistics. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology

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All three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes share a high degree of structural homology but differ in function, tissue distribution and ligand specificity. PPARs play critical roles as regulators of numerous physiological as well as pathophysiological pathways, and efforts are currently underway to fully characterize their functioning and to develop safer and more effective PPAR modulators to treat a myriad of diseases and conditions. In Peroxisome proliferator-Activated Receptors: Methods and Protocols, renowned experts in the PPAR arena provide detailed protocols for investigating these receptors. Chapters contain methods ranging from the cloning of receptors to their knockdown, to protocols exploring posttranslational modifications of PPARs and coactivators, as well as receptor subcellular localization. Also assembled are methods to evaluate the involvement of these receptors in behavior functions, an emerging facet in PPAR research. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   With its well-honed methodologies, Peroxisome proliferator-Activated Receptors: Methods and Protocols,  will be a useful resource for all seeking to advance their knowledge of this field.

Biochemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition

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Gene Delivery into Mammalian Cells: An Overview on Existing Approaches Employed In Vitro and In Vivo, by Peter Hahn and Elizabeth Scanlan * Strategies for the Preparation of Synthetic Transfection Vectors, by Asier Unciti-Broceta, Matthew N. Bacon, and Mark Bradley * Cationic Lipids: Molecular Structure/Transfection Activity Relationships and Interactions with Biomembranes, by Rumiana Koynova and Boris Tenchov * Hyperbranched Polyamines for Transfection, by Wiebke Fischer, Marcelo Calderon, and Rainer Haag * Carbohydrate Polymers for Nonviral Nucleic Acid Delivery, by Antons Sizovs, Patrick M. McLendon, Sathya Srinivasachari, and Theresa M. Reineke * Cationic Liposome-Nucleic Acid Complexes for Gene Delivery and Silencing: Pathways and Mechanisms for Plasmid DNA and siRNA, by Kai K. Ewert, Alexandra Zidovska, Ayesha Ahmad, Nathan F. Bouxsein, Heather M. Evans, Christopher S. McAllister, Charles E. Samuel, and Cyrus R. Safinya * Chemically Programmed Polymers for Targeted DNA and siRNA Transfection, by Eveline Edith Salcher and Ernst Wagner * Photochemical Internalization: A New Tool for Gene and Oligonucleotide Delivery, by Kristian Berg, Maria Berstad, Lina Prasmickaite, Anette Weyergang, Pål K. Selbo, Ida Hedfors, and Anders Høgset * Visualizing Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Gene Carriers by Single-Particle Tracking, by N. Ruthardt and C. Bräuchle

Life Sciences. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Bioorganic Chemistry. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Bioorganic chemistry. --- Nucleic acids. --- Sciences de la vie --- Génie biochimique --- Chimie bioorganique --- Acides nucléiques --- Transfection --- Nucleic acids --- Genetic transformation

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This book gives an in-depth overview on nuclear structure and function. It clearly shows that the epigenome and the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus are not independent properties. The intimate relationship between the location and the epigenetic modifications of gene loci is highlighted. Finally, it shows that the complex three-dimensional organization of the nucleus is not just of academic interest: The structure, composition and function of virtually all of the sub-nuclear compartments identified so far can be implicated to a list of human genetic diseases. Hence, a detailed elucidation of how these domains are assembled and function will provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.

Nuclear structure. --- Structure, Nuclear --- Nuclear physics --- Nucleic acids. --- Cytology. --- Human genetics. --- Nucleic Acid Chemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Cytogenetics. --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Polynucleotides --- Biomolecules --- Cell biology. --- Cytology