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The South's system of Jim Crow racial oppression is usually understood in terms of legal segregation that mandated the separation of white and black Americans. Yet, as this work shows, it was also a high-stakes drama that played out in the routines of everyday life, where blacks and whites regularly interacted on sidewalks and buses and in businesses and homes. Every day, individuals made, unmade, and remade Jim Crow in how they played their racial roles-how they moved, talked, even gestured. The highly visible but often subtle nature of these interactions constituted the Jim Crow routine.
African Americans --- Racism --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Social life and customs --- History --- Mississippi --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- Black people
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When Aaron Henry returned home to Mississippi from World War II service in 1946, he was part of wave of black servicemen who challenged the racial status quo. He became a pharmacist through the GI Bill, and as a prominent citizen, he organized a hometown chapter of the NAACP and relatively quickly became leader of the state chapter. From that launching pad he joined and helped lead an ensemble of activists who fundamentally challenged the system of segregation and the almost total exclusion of African Americans from the political structure. These efforts were most clearly evident in his leadership of the integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party delegation, which, after an unsuccessful effort to unseat the lily-white Democratic delegation at the Democratic National Convention in 1964, won recognition from the national party in 1968. The man who the New York Times described as being "at the forefront of every significant boycott, sit-in, protest march, rally, voter registration drive and court case" eventually became a rare example of a social-movement leader who successfully moved into political office. Aaron Henry of Mississippi covers the life of this remarkable leader, from his humble beginnings in a sharecropping family to his election to the Mississippi house of representatives in 1979, all the while maintaining the social-change ideology that prompted him to improve his native state, and thereby the nation.
African Americans --- Civil rights movements --- Civil rights workers --- African American civil rights workers --- Civil rights --- History --- Henry, Aaron, --- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People --- 1900 - 1999 --- Mississippi. --- Mississippi --- Afro-American civil rights workers --- Civil rights workers, African American --- Civil rights activists --- Race relations reformers --- Social reformers --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Black people --- Association for the Advancement of Colored People --- NAACP --- Estado de Misisipi --- État du Mississippi --- Medinat Misisipi --- Mikikipi --- Misisipi --- Misisipʻi-ju --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Misisipio --- Missisipi --- Mississippi osariik --- Mississippy --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Shtat Misisipi --- State --- State of Mississippi --- US-MS
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Banks and banking --- Economic indicators --- Banks and banking. --- Economic history. --- Economic indicators. --- 2000-2099 --- Mississippi --- Mississippi. --- Economic conditions --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Estado de Misisipi --- État du Mississippi --- Medinat Misisipi --- Mikikipi --- Misisipi --- Misisipʻi-ju --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Misisipio --- Missisipi --- Mississippi osariik --- Mississippy --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Shtat Misisipi --- State --- State of Mississippi --- US-MS --- Місісіпі --- Штат Місісіпі --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- 미시시피 주 --- 미시시피 --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss.
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Kenaf --- Medicinal plants --- Value added --- Crop science --- Crop science. --- Kenaf. --- Medicinal plants. --- Value added. --- Mississippi. --- Added value --- Manufacturing processes --- Drug plants --- Plants, Useful --- Botanical drug industry --- Botany, Medical --- Materia medica, Vegetable --- Psychotropic plants --- Ambari hemp --- Ambary hemp --- Bimli hemp --- Bimlipatam hemp --- Bombay hemp --- Deccan hemp --- Gambo hemp --- Hibiscus cannabinus --- Java jute --- Kanaf --- Mesta --- Fibers --- Hemp --- Jute fiber --- Crop production science --- Crop sciences --- Agriculture --- Crops --- Estado de Misisipi --- État du Mississippi --- Medinat Misisipi --- Mikikipi --- Misisipi --- Misisipʻi-ju --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Misisipio --- Missisipi --- Mississippi osariik --- Mississippy --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Shtat Misisipi --- State --- State of Mississippi --- US-MS
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Faulkner, William --- Southern States in literature --- Yoknapatawpha County (Imaginary place) --- Congresses --- Faulkner, William, --- Myth in literature --- Falkner, William, --- Fōkunā, Wiriamu, --- Фолкнер, Уильям, --- Folkner, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Fo-kʻo-na, --- Phōkner, Ouilliam, --- Fo-kʻo-na, Wei-lien, --- Fu-kʻo-na, --- Fu-kʻo-na, Wei-lien, --- Falkner, William Cuthbert, --- Pʻookʻŭnŏ, William, --- Foḳner, Ṿilyam, --- Pʻolkneri, Uiliam, --- K̲apākn̲ar, Villiyam, --- Fāknir, Vīlīyām, --- פוקנר --- פוקנר, וויליאם --- פוקנר, ויליאם, --- פוקנר, ןיליאם --- 福克纳威廉, --- Trueblood, Ernest V., --- Criticism and interpretation --- Mississippi --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- In literature --- Conferences - Meetings
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Women, White --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Elites (Social sciences) --- Leadership --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social classes --- Social groups --- White women --- Social conditions. --- History. --- United States --- Mississippi --- Louisiana --- Confederate States of America --- Southern States --- Louisiana (Province) --- Louisiana (Territory) --- Louisiane --- État de Louisiane --- Léta de la Lwizyàn --- Lwizyàn --- State of Louisiana --- US-LA --- La. --- Louisianne --- Territory of Louisiana --- District of Louisiana --- West Florida --- Territory of Orleans --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- History --- Women. --- Social aspects. --- Social conditions --- Luisiana
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In the years immediately following the Civil War--the formative years for an emerging society of freed African Americans in Mississippi--there was much debate over the general purpose of black schools and who would control them. From Cotton Field to Schoolhouse is the first comprehensive examination of Mississippi's politics and policies of postwar racial education. The primary debate centered on whether schools for African Americans (mostly freedpeople) should seek to develop blacks as citizens, train them to be free but subordinate laborers, or produce some other outcome. Afri
Education and state --- Education --- Freedmen --- African Americans --- Education policy --- Educational policy --- State and education --- Social policy --- Endowment of research --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Ex-slaves --- Freed slaves --- Slaves --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- History --- History. --- Government policy --- Mississippi --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- Politics and government --- Race relations --- Freedpersons --- Black people --- Ex-enslaved persons --- Freed enslaved persons --- Enslaved persons --- Freed persons
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"Struggle for the Heartland tells the story surrounding the military campaign that began in early 1862 with the advance to Fort Henry and culminated in late May with the capture of Corinth, Mississippi. The first significant Northern penetration into the Confederate west, this campaign saw the military coming-of-age of Ulysses S. Grant and offered a hint as to where the Federals might win the war. For the South, it dashed any hopes of avoiding a protracted conflict. Stephen D. Engle colors in the details that bring great clarity and new life to the scene of these battles but also to the social and political context in which they occurred." "Considering the early military campaigns in Kentucky, Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and northern Alabama, Engle examines how prewar economic relations formed in this region were often crucial for creating loyalty to one army or to the other. He explores the relationship between locality and loyalty, the commanders themselves, and civil and military authorities. Moving beyond the battlefield, he demonstrates the campaigns' significance in light of the larger implications of Reconstruction and shows how civil and military authorities complicated the goals of the Union administration, particularly in attempts to reconstruct the captured regions of the Confederacy. Finally, Engle analyzes the societal reactions to military occupation as well as the political ambitions of the president and Congress for conceptualizing and managing the war's aims and the process of reconstruction. His work clearly reveals the importance of the western campaign in shifting perceptions of the war's limits and of its political purpose and merits."--Jacket.
United States --- Alabama --- Mississippi --- Kentucky --- Tennessee --- Kentuck --- US-KY --- KY --- Ken. --- Kent. (State) --- Bluegrass State --- Commonwealth of Kentucky --- Virginia --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- Â-lâ-pâ-mâ --- Aellabaema --- Aellabaema-ju --- AL --- Ala. --- Alabamah --- Alabamo --- Alampama --- ʻAlapama --- Alybamas --- Arabama --- Arabama-shū --- Arabamashū --- Élábéemah Hahoodzo --- Ìpínlẹ̀ Alabama --- Medinat Alabamah --- Politeia tēs Alampama --- Shtat Alabama --- State of Alabama --- Ŝtato de Alabamo --- Yalabama --- Yalabama Zhou --- Πολιτεία της Αλαμπάμα --- Αλαμπάμα --- Штат Алабама --- אלאבאמא --- אלבמה --- מדינת אלבמה --- アラバマ --- アラバマ州 --- 亚拉巴马 --- 亚拉巴马州 --- 앨라배마 --- 앨라배마 주 --- History --- Social aspects. --- Campaigns.
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"When the Choctaws were removed from their Mississippi homeland to Indian Territory in 1830, several thousand remained behind, planning to take advantage of Article 14 in the removal treaty, which promised that any Choctaws who wished to remain in Mississippi could apply for allotments of land. When the remaining Choctaws applied for their allotments, however, the government reneged, and the Choctaws were left dispossessed and impoverished. Thus begins the history of the Mississippi Choctaws as a distinct people. Despite overwhelming poverty and significant racial prejudice in the rural South, the Mississippi Choctaws managed, over the course of a century and a half, to maintain their ethnic identity, persuade the Office of Indian Affairs to provide them with services and lands, create a functioning tribal government, and establish a prosperous and stable reservation economy. The Choctaws' struggle against segregation in the 1950's and 1960's is an overlooked story of the civil rights movement, and this study of white supremacist support for Choctaw tribalism considerably complicates our understanding of southern history. Choctaw Resurgence in Mississippi traces the Choctaw's remarkable tribal rebirth, attributing it to their sustained political and social activism. "--
HISTORY / United States / State & Local / South (AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA, WV). --- HISTORY / Native American. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Ethnic Studies / Native American Studies. --- Self-determination, National --- Choctaw Indians --- Five Civilized Tribes --- Indians of North America --- Muskogean Indians --- National self-determination --- Nationalism --- Nation-state --- Nationalities, Principle of --- Sovereignty --- Civil rights --- Government relations. --- History. --- Mississippi --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Race relations. --- Goverment relations.
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Created in 1964 as part of the Mississippi Freedom Summer, the Mississippi Freedom Schools were launched by educators and activists to provide an alternative education for African American students that would facilitate student activism and participatory democracy. The schools, as Jon N. Hale demonstrates, had a crucial role in the civil rights movement and a major impact on the development of progressive education throughout the nation. Designed and run by African American and white educators and activists, the Freedom Schools counteracted segregationist policies that inhibited opportunities for black youth. Providing high-quality, progressive education that addressed issues of social justice, the schools prepared African American students to fight for freedom on all fronts. Forming a political network, the Freedom Schools taught students how, when, and where to engage politically, shaping activists who trained others to challenge inequality. Based on dozens of first-time interviews with former Freedom School students and teachers and on rich archival materials, this remarkable social history of the Mississippi Freedom Schools is told from the perspective of those frequently left out of civil rights narratives that focus on national leadership or college protestors. Hale reveals the role that school-age students played in the civil rights movement and the crucial contribution made by grassroots activists on the local level. He also examines the challenges confronted by Freedom School activists and teachers, such as intimidation by racist Mississippians and race relations between blacks and whites within the schools. In tracing the stories of Freedom School students into adulthood, this book reveals the ways in which these individuals turned training into decades of activism. Former students and teachers speak eloquently about the principles that informed their practice and the influence that the Freedom School curriculum has had on education. They also offer key strategies for further integrating the American school system and politically engaging today's youth.
African Americans --- Civil rights movements --- African American students --- Student movements --- Political activists --- Education --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Activists, Political --- Persons --- Political participation --- Activism, Student --- Campus disorders --- Student activism --- Student protest --- Student unrest --- Youth movements --- Student protesters --- Afro-American students --- Negro students --- Students, African American --- Afro-Americans --- Black Americans --- Colored people (United States) --- Negroes --- Africans --- Ethnology --- Blacks --- Civil rights --- History --- Political aspects --- Mississippi Freedom Schools. --- Freedom Schools (Miss.) --- Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.) --- Mississippi --- State of Mississippi --- Missisipi --- Місісіпі --- Misisipi --- Штат Місісіпі --- Shtat Misisipi --- Мисисипи --- Щат Мисисипи --- Mísísípii Hahoodzo --- Mississippi osariik --- Μισισιπι --- Πολιτεία του Μισισίπι --- Politeia tou Misisipi --- Estado de Misisipi --- Misisipio --- État du Mississippi --- Mississippy --- 미시시피 주 --- Misisipʻi-ju --- 미시시피 --- Mikikipi --- מיסיסיפי --- מדינת מיסיסיפי --- Medinat Misisipi --- US-MS --- MS (State : Mississippi) --- MI (State : Mississippi) --- Miss. --- Race relations --- Black people